Chapter 18 Blood Prep

4

How many globins (protein building blocks) are found in a single hemoglobin molecule? 1 2 4 6 8

formation of insoluble fibrin would be slow.

If thrombin levels were low, coagulation would be difficult because not enough factor X would be formed. platelets would have nothing to adhere to. formation of insoluble fibrin would be slow. erythrocyte production would slow.

-Leukocytes

There are smaller numbers of larger white cells with large, multilobed nuclei called ____________ , or white blood cells. -Erythrocytes -Biconcave -Immune -Platelets -Leukocytes -Plasma -Cardiovascular

-Months

These cells are produced by the bone marrow and have a lifespan of 3 to 4 ____________ . -Iron -Macrophages -Days -Months -platelets -White -Thousand -Million -Red

-White blood cells (WBCs) -Leukocytes

Most of the remaining 5% of the volume of the formed elements; are involved in immunity -White blood cells (WBCs) -Red blood cells (RBCs) -Platelets -Thrombocytes -Erythrocytes -Leukocytes

-Biconcave.......-Plasma

Blood contains numerous ____________ red blood cells in a featureless matrix, called ____________ . -Erythrocytes -Biconcave -Immune -Platelets -Leukocytes -Plasma -Cardiovascular

-Cardiovascular

Blood is located within the ____________ system where it functions in the transport of nutrients, gases, wastes, and other biologically relevant molecules. -Erythrocytes -Biconcave -Immune -Platelets -Leukocytes -Plasma -Cardiovascular

-aggregate

In platelet plug formation, a large mass of platelets ____________ and undergo degranulation. -aggregate -Coagulation -denature -three -vascular -four -Thrombopoiesis

-Serum

Plasma without the clotting factors. -Fibrinogen -Fibrin -Plasma -Globulin -Serum -Albumin

-iron

This group contains a(n) ____________ ion in the center. -Carbon -heme -omega -oxygen -four -iron -alpha -two

-Iron

This process releases ____________ to be stored in the liver and bile pigments to be excreted. -Iron -Macrophages -Days -Months -platelets -White -Thousand -Million -Red

-Red

____________ blood cells are the most common cells found in blood. -Iron -Macrophages -Days -Months -platelets -White -Thousand -Million -Red

1. -Smallest, -Maintain blood pressure and volume 2. -Antibodies 3. -Involved in blood clotting 4. -Hormones

1.Albumins 2.Globulins 3.Fibrinogen 4.Regulatory Proteins -Smallest -Antibodies -Involved in blood clotting -Hormones -Maintain blood pressure and volume

-Fibrin

A protein that forms blood clots. -Fibrinogen -Fibrin -Plasma -Globulin -Serum -Albumin

-Globulin

A simple protein that makes up approximately 38% of the plasma proteins. Many act as part of the immune system. -Fibrinogen term-6 -Fibrin -Plasma -Globulin -Serum -Albumin

-Red blood cells (RBCs) -Erythrocytes

About 95% of the volume of the formed elements; transport oxygen and carbon dioxide -White blood cells (WBCs) -Red blood cells (RBCs) -Platelets -Thrombocytes -Erythrocytes -Leukocytes

-The intrinsic mechanism uses only clotting factors found in the blood itself. -In most cases of bleeding, both the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms work simultaneously to contribute to hemostasis. -The extrinsic mechanism is initiated by clotting factors released by the damaged blood vessel and perivascular tissues.

Choose the accurate statement(s) about the two reaction pathways to coagulation. (Check all that apply) -The intrinsic mechanism uses only clotting factors found in the blood itself. -The extrinsic mechanism uses only clotting factors found in the blood itself. -The intrinsic mechanism is initiated by clotting factors released by the damaged blood vessel and perivascular tissues. -In most cases of bleeding, both the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms work simultaneously to contribute to hemostasis. -The extrinsic mechanism is initiated by clotting factors released by the damaged blood vessel and perivascular tissues.

reticulocyte

During erythropoiesis, the developing cell is referred to as a __________ during the final stage before becoming a fully mature erythrocyte. myeloid stem cell proerythroblast normoblast reticulocyte

-heme

Each of the protein chains are conjugated to a nonprotein ____________ group. -Carbon -heme -omega -oxygen -four -iron -alpha -two

-vascular

First, ____________ spasm constricts the broken blood vessel, reducing hemorrhage. -aggregate -Coagulation -denature -three -vascular -four -Thrombopoiesis

pieces of the megakaryocyte breaking off.

Platelets are formed from pieces of the megakaryocyte breaking off. recycled erythrocytes. leukopoiesis. lymphoid stem cells.

-Plasma

The liquid portion of blood connective tissue. -Fibrinogen -Fibrin -Plasma -Globulin -Serum -Albumin

-Erythrocytes

The numerous red cells are also called ____________. These cells are unique because they lack nuclei. -Erythrocytes -Biconcave -Immune -Platelets -Leukocytes -Plasma -Cardiovascular

-four

The structure of hemoglobin consists of ____________ chains. -Carbon -heme -omega -oxygen -four -iron -alpha -two

-three

There are ____________ hemostatic mechanisms. -aggregate -Coagulation -denature -three -vascular -four -Thrombopoiesis

-Million

There are about five ____________ red blood cells in each microliter of blood. -Iron -Macrophages -Days -Months -platelets -White -Thousand -Million -Red

-alpha

Two of the chains are ____________ and two are beta proteins. -Carbon -heme -omega -oxygen -four -iron -alpha -two

low; stimulates

When blood oxygen is _____, erythropoietin is released, which ______ production of erythrocytes. -low; stimulates -high; stimulates -low; inhibits -high; inhibits

-Coagulation

____________ finishes the process by clotting the blood and protecting the body from excess blood loss. -aggregate -Coagulation -denature -three -vascular -four -Thrombopoiesis

1.-Regulatory proteins 2.-Albumin 3.-Fibrinogen 4.-Globulins

1. Includes enzymes and hormones; <1% of plasma proteins 2. Smallest; about 58% of total plasma proteins 3. Helps in blood clotting; about 4% of plasma proteins 4. Makes up about 37% of all plasma proteins -Albumin -Globulins -Fibrinogen -Regulatory proteins

-Albumin

A simple protein that makes up approximately 58% of the plasma proteiterm-6ns. Many act as transport molecules. -Fibrinogen -Fibrin -Plasma -Globulin -Serum -Albumin

are broken down by macrophages into amino acids.

In the breakdown of hemoglobin, the globin chains -are converted into biliverdin by macrophages. -are converted into bilirubin by macrophages. -are broken down by macrophages into amino acids. -are stored in various tissues. -contribute to the color of feces.

flat bones of the axial skeleton.

In young children, hemopoiesis occurs in most of their bones, but in adulthood it primarily occurs in long bones of the hands and feet. flat bones of the axial skeleton. short bones of the appendicular skeleton. the liver and spleen.

1-Erythrocytes form in red bone marrow. 2-Erythrocytes circulate for 120 days in the bloodstream. 3-Erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen. 4-Hemoglobin is converted to biliverdin.

Put the life cycle of an erythrocyte in order, beginning with their formation in red bone marrow. -Hemoglobin is converted to biliverdin. -Erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen. -Erythrocytes circulate for 120 days in the bloodstream. -Erythrocytes form in red bone marrow.

-It is synthesizing hemoglobin. -It may be found circulating in the blood. -It develops from a normoblast.

Select all the characteristics of a reticulocyte. -It is synthesizing hemoglobin. -Its only organelles are ribosomes, mitochondria, and the nucleus. -It may be found circulating in the blood. -It develops from a normoblast.

-oxygen

There are four of these groups that will bind ____________ for delivery to body tissues. -Carbon -heme -omega -oxygen -four -iron -alpha -two

-Platelets -Thrombocytes

Tiny cell fragments involved in blood clotting -White blood cells (WBCs) -Red blood cells (RBCs) -Platelets -Thrombocytes -Erythrocytes -Leukocytes

vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate.

To compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers -vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate. -vasoconstriction and a decrease in heart rate. -vasodilation and an increase in heart rate. -vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate.

5 liters

Typically, an adult's body contains _______ of blood. 1 liter 5 liters 10 liters 15 liters

-Macrophages

When they die, they are destroyed by ____________ in the liver and spleen. -Iron -Macrophages -Days -Months -platelets -White -Thousand -Million -Red

b, c, f

Which are characteristic of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B b, c, d, f a, c, d, f a, d, f b, c, f a, c, f

b, e

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? a: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies b: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present c: Always has Rh (D) antigen d: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present e: Is inherited independent of the ABO group a, c b, c, e a, d, e b, e a, e

a, b, e

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes a, b, c a, b, e b, c, e b, c, d c

Donor is type AB, recipient is type B

Which is going to result in significant agglutination? -Donor is type A, recipient has antibody anti-B -Donor is type B, recipient has antibody anti-A -Donor is type O, recipient is Type O -Donor is type A, recipient is type AB -Donor is type AB, recipient is type B