Chapter 18 module
chemotherapeutic treatment for breast cancer depends on the absence or over-expression of the ___ genes
ERa, PR, HER2
in prokaryotic genomes groups of functionally related genes along with their promoters are operators are found together in _____.
a operon
in the lac operon the inducer is
allolactose, the isomer of lactose
although of number of genes in the human genome is surprisingly low compared to less complex organisms, the number of possible products from those genes is greatly amplified by
alternative arrangements of exons from a primary transcript
post-transcriptional processing of a pre-mrna allows for differential cell expression by a process called
alternative splicing
the tryptophan operon is an example of an ____ that is controlled by _____
anabolic pathway; feedback inhibition
cytoplasmic determinants
are RNAs, proteins, and other substances by the mother and deposited in the egg
cell type-specific transcription is accomplished ___
by specific enhancer control elements interaction with cell-type specific transcription factors
gene expression in bacteria is regulated by
controlling the transcription of genes into mRNA
a cancer cell
does not respond to the chemical signals that control cell division
In drosophilia development, the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo is determined by
egg-polarity genes
in a eukaryote activating transcription factors may stimulate gene expression by binding to a DNA site called a
enhancer
which of the following best describes the makeup of the human genome
genes for noncoding RNA make up the majority of meaningful genetic info in the human genome
which of the following best describes the makeup of the human genome?
genes for noncoding rna make up the majority of meaningful genetic info in the human genome.
in drosphila development pattern development in the late embryo larva and adult is controlled by
homeotic
the control of gene expression is more complex in multicellular eukaryotes than in proks because
in multicellular euks different cells are specialized for different function
small noncoding RNAs ncRNAs called piwi interacting RNAs or piRNAs
induce the formation of heterochromatin and block the expression of movable DNA elements called transposons
the lac operon is an example of an ____ operson
inducible
specific cells that appear undifferentiated under the microscope but are already to become muscle cells are called
myoblasts
in euks histone acetylation
promotes transcription
in addition to a promoter eukaryotic genes have controlled elements called
proximal control elements and distal enhancers
what two genes are often mutated in colon cancer
ras and p53
the trp operon is an example of a _____ operon
repressible
in general, operons that encode the enzymes of a biosynthetic(anabolic) pathways (such as the trp operon) are ______, and those encoding enzymes of a catabolic pathway (such as the lac operon) are ______
repressible; inducible
in the trp operon, the __ binds to the product of the trp operon synthesis pathway, called ____, forming the ___.
repressor protein;tryptophan; active repressor
microRNAs binding to complementary sequences on an mRNA
results in either blocking translation or degrading the targeted mRNA
in an inducible operon, the inducer is often the _____ in the pathway being regulated; the inducer binds to the _______, thus rendering it ______.
substrate; repressor; inactive
what gene has been called the guardian angel of the genome
the p53 gene
what is the role of proteasomes?
they are giants protein complexes that recognize ubiquitin and degrade the tagged proteins
both repressible and inducible operons control gene expression at the level of
transcription
MyoD promotes muscle cell development by _____
turning on the expression of multiple muscle-related genes
