Chapter 18: Oral Appliances

Athletic mouthguards should be properly fitted, stay in place comfortably, be made of resilient material approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and: a.Be physiologically compatible with the wearer b.Have a fresh scent c.Increase the amount of force placed on the occlusion d.Be worn on the mandibular arch

A

Patients may clean oral appliances with a soft-bristled, wet toothbrush. No commercial products are available in which to soak oral appliances. a.The first statement is true/the second statement is false. b.The first statement is false/the second statement is true. c.Both statements are true. d.Both statements are false.

A

Thermoplastic materials will ____________ on heating and ____________ on cooling. a.Soften, reharden b.Harden, soften c.Harden, stay hard d.Soften, melt

A

Nightguards are worn to: a.Prevent dental caries b.Alleviate tooth surface wear c.Provide minor tooth movement or stabilization d.Temporarily hold teeth in position

B

Athletic mouthguards may prevent a concussion. However, they must be worn correctly and consistently. a.The first statement is true/ the second statement is false. b.The first statement is false/the second statement is true. c.Both statements are true. d.Both statements are false.

C

Fluoride custom trays are recommended for which of the following patients? a.Elderly patient with severe periodontal disease b.Three-year-old patient with early childhood caries c.Adult patient undergoing head or neck radiation therapy d.Adolescent patient with severe halitosis

C

Space maintainers are used to: a.Alleviate bruxism b.Hold the tongue in proper position c.Temporarily hold teeth in position d.Alleviate OSA

C

When fabricating an oral appliance, which of the following oral anatomical structures should be necessarily replicated? a.Sulcus b.Periodontal ligament c.Gingival contours of the teeth d.Soft palate

C

Dental professionals fabricate stock mouthguards. Custom-made mouthguards can be purchased at most athletic and drug stores. a.The first statement is true/the second statement is false. b.The first statement is false/the second statement is true. c.Both statements are true. d.Both statements are false.

D

Mouth protectors can be: a.Custom-made b.Stock c."Boil and bite" d.All of the above

D

Patients wearing an oral appliance during sleep have NOT demonstrated a/an: a.Increase in periodontal diseases b.Decrease in periodontal diseases c.Frequent occurrence of periodontal abscesses d.Change in periodontal health

D

The purpose of wearing an oral appliance for OSA is to modify the position of upper airway structures so that: a.The airway is enlarged b.The airway is reduced c.Collapsibility is reduced d.Both a and c e.Both b and c

D

a removable oral appliance that protects the teeth and surrounding tissues during contact sports

athletic mouthguard

most effective mouthguard; This type of mouthguard is custom-fabricated and fits precisely over the individual athlete's dentition

custom-made mouthguard

ideal for patients who have a high prevalence of dental caries or high caries risk. These trays are custom-made to fit the particular individual's dentition so that all tooth surfaces are covered with fluoride gel.

fluoride custom trays

generally referred to as a "boil-and-bite" style, can be heated in water and then placed in the mouth. The athlete bites into the guard, and an inexact fit is produced. This type of mouthguard can become distorted and does not accommodate an individual athlete's unique oral features

mouth-formed guard

thought to be caused by a reduced upper airway size and altered upper airway muscle activity.

obstructive sleep apnea

currently available to patients include athletic mouthguards, whitening trays, fluoride custom trays, orthodontic appliances, nightguards, periodontal stints, space maintainers, and appliances for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snoring as well as nonnutritive (thumb) sucking

oral appliances

available in different sizes. It is not custom-made, nor is it preferred (because of poor fit and excess bulk)

stock mouthguard

implies that a polymer softens on heating and then hardens into the final shape upon cooling. This is a desirable property for an oral appliance because the final shape can be individualized for each case by using a study model.

thermoplastic

materials are molded and then polymerized in the final shape. They are resistant to change when heated.

thermoset

both heats (to soften the sheet material) and then molds the material onto a cast using a vacuum or suction through the cast.

vacuum former

designed for patient application at home appear very similar to fluoride trays

whitening tray