Chapter 18

9) The Pullman strike of 1894 A) saw the president of the United States order federal troops to break the strike. B) ended when George Pullman dropped his demand that workers live in company housing. C) ended when Governor John Peter Altgeld called out the militia to protect employers. D) was ultimately successful for the strikers. E) had little effect on rail transportation throughout the nation.

A) saw the president of the United States order federal troops to break the strike.

10) Which of the following events did NOT occur during the Homestead strike of 1892? A) Hundreds of guards hired by Homestead were defeated in a deadly battle with strikers. B) The Amalgamated trade union won the strike. C) The entire Pennsylvania National Guard was ordered to protect strikebreakers. D) Henry Frick shut down the plant in an attempt to destroy the Amalgamated union. E) One radical made a failed attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick.

B) The Amalgamated trade union won the strike.

4) In the American business community at the end of the nineteenth century, A) rampant competitiveness and labor shortages helped to keep prices down and wages up. B) one percent of corporations controlled one-third of all manufacturing. C) most states had made it illegal for one corporation to buy another one. D) almost all corporations had achieved stability through "pool" arrangements. E) federal reforms of corporations had ended the most predatory business practices.

B) one percent of corporations controlled one-third of all manufacturing.

6) According to the ideas expressed by Andrew Carnegie in his The Gospel of Wealth, A) successful businessmen had every right to live as they pleased. B) the rich had great responsibilities to society. C) only pious Americans would prosper. D) the wealthy had earned their money through God's blessing alone. E) it was the "Christian duty" of every American to become wealthy.

B) the rich had great responsibilities to society.

5) The theory of Social Darwinism A) contended that ruthless corruption may be necessary in the attainment of wealth. B) was used to justify the social consequences of industrial capitalism. C) argued that it behooved industrial titans to spread their wealth to the lower classes. D) was created by Charles Darwin to explain industrial economies. E) argued the new industrial economy was limiting the potential for individual wealth.

B) was used to justify the social consequences of industrial capitalism.

1) In the late nineteenth century, industry in the United States A) obtained the bulk of its raw materials from Central and South America. B) lacked adequate capital to expand the domestic market. C) saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth. D) faced a growing shortage of laborers. E) suffered from an entrepreneurial deficit.

C) saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth.

3) A key to Henry Ford's success in the mass production of automobiles was A) a reduction in the size of his labor force. B) his encouragement of labor unions in organizing his factories. C) the use of welds instead of rivets to speed production. D) the moving assembly line. E) the training of highly skilled workers.

D) the moving assembly line.

7) In the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, American workers A) were forced to contend with arduous and dangerous working conditions. B) experienced a loss in their control over their own work. C) both saw a rise in their standard of living, and experienced a loss in their control over their own work. D) saw a rise in their standard of living. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

2) The first significant oil production in the United States occurred in A) Ohio. B) Texas. C) Michigan. D) California. E) Pennsylvania.

E) Pennsylvania.

8) In 1900, regarding work conditions in American factories, A) job security for industrial workers had significantly increased since 1865. B) workers generally controlled the pace of production. C) first-generation workers generally had little trouble adjusting to the nature of industrial labor. D) while safety conditions were poor, mechanization reduced the overall rate of accidents. E) laborers could expect to work at least ten hours a day, six days a week.

E) laborers could expect to work at least ten hours a day, six days a week.