Chapter 19
Your friend Tula, who is pregnant, learns that you are studying biology and tries to quiz you about your knowledge of pregnancy. She tells you that her baby has just starting kicking, and she asks you to guess how far along she is. Based on your understanding of life in the womb, you would answer that she is about ________ month(s) pregnant.
5
Which letter in Figure 19.7 identifies a primary spermatocyte?
B
Which of the locations highlighted in this figure is the site of embryo implantation?
B
Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction in animals is true?
Both parents contribute genes to the offspring.
Which of the following statements accurately describes similarities between asexual and sexual reproduction in animals?
Both processes generate offspring that carry parental genes.
Which cell in this figure is the first to be haploid?
C
Which of the following statements distinguishes gamete formation in human males from gamete formation in human females?
Human males make sperm throughout their lives, beginning at puberty, whereas human females are born with all the eggs that may be fertilized.
Which of the following statements about negative feedback is true?
Negative feedback slows down or shuts off a process when a set point is reached.
How do living systems "know" the appropriate temperature or water content within that system?
Organisms have a genetically predetermined set point that must be internally maintained.
Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes tissues from organs?
Organs consist of multiple tissue types, whereas tissues consist of one or more cell types.
Which of the following statements about human sperm and eggs is correct?
Sperm are much smaller than eggs.
Some species of fish that live in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean have evolved an "antifreeze" protein. Why might this protein be important to homeostasis?
The protein might prevent ice crystals from forming inside fish cells, which would prevent damage to the plasma membrane when temperatures are low.
Which of the following statements about hermaphrodites is true?
They can mate with every individual of the same species that they encounter.
Which of the following forms of contraception is LEAST likely to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant?
a male condom
During blood clotting, a broken blood vessel triggers a cascade of factors that collectively reduce blood loss. In this example, the clotting factors are functioning as part of?
a positive feedback loop
Which of the following would be found in the oviduct immediately after fertilization?
a zygote
The human embryo develops in a fluid-filled sac called the?
amnion
Which of the following methods of reproduction is NOT used by animals?
asexual reproduction involving sperm and eggs
When is fetal development initiated?
at the establishment of organ systems
Some organisms switch from male to female, or vice versa. The most likely reason for the change is the?
availability of environmental resources.
Which of the following forms of contraception is chemical in nature?
birth control pills
Which of the following sequences places spermatogenesis in the correct order from start to finish?
diploid precursor cell, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocytes, sperm
The contraceptive method that seals the female oviduct is?
female sterilization
By the end of a normal first trimester, the zygote?
has developed recognizable arms and legs.
Which of the following is a collection of organs?
heart, lungs, and liver
The number of chromosomes in secondary spermatocytes is fewer than in primary spermatocytes because?
homologous pairs are separated during meiosis I.
Which of the following terms describes how the male sperm and the female egg typically fuse in animals?
internal fertilization
After about an hour of basking in the sun, the body temperature of the marine iguana reaches 37°C, and the animal dives into the water to feed. In the water, its body temperature rapidly drops, and the iguana must return to the rocks to warm up. This process is an example of?
negative feedback.
For homework, your instructor asks you to write a paragraph discussing how the mouth, stomach, and small intestines work together to process food items and provide nutrients to the body. Which level of biological organization are you studying?
organ systems
Mature female eggs develop under the control of hormones within the?
ovaries
Which of the following sequences places the direction traveled by an egg in the correct order?
ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina
Which of the following hormones is partially responsible for initiating labor contractions?
oxytocin
When certain hormones are added to the uterus, they induce thickening in the cells lining its walls. Which of the following hormones is likely to be responsible for this change?
progesterone
A human female has a diploid chromosome number of 46 (2n = 46). Based on this information, which of the following cells is NOT properly matched with its chromosome number?
secondary oocyte: 46 chromosomes
Which of the following is a product of the first round of meiosis in males?
secondary spermatocytes
Which of the following is a type of epithelial tissue?
skin
Insulin is a protein hormone that helps cells use glucose. In type 1 diabetes, insulin-making cells in the pancreas are attacked and destroyed. This is an example of?
the endocrine, digestive, circulatory, and immune systems affecting one another
Which of the following is a product of meiosis I that is NOT in the lineage of ovum formation?
the first polar body
Disruptions to the development of a zygote can happen at any time during pregnancy. Which of the following would be the most vulnerable time period in the development of a zygote/fetus/embryo?
the first week
In the last few weeks of pregnancy, the level of estrogen in the woman's blood rises. This increase causes?
the muscles of the uterus to become more sensitive to the hormone oxytocin.
Sperm that is ejaculated from the body would pass through which of the following structures last?
the penis
Which cell in Figure 19.7 is a diploid cell and contains duplicated chromosomes?
the primary oocyte
Significant weight gain and the growth of hair on the head are events that occur during which trimester of pregnancy?
the third trimester
Which structure in the male reproductive tract has a function similar to that of the female fallopian tubes?
the vas deferens
During gestation, human development is divided into several stages called?
trimesters