Chapter 19

If someone were accidentally given blood of the wrong type, which of the following is likely to occur?

A hemolytic transfusion reaction

Contact dermatitis is an example of which of the following?

CD4 TH1-mediated reaction

IgE molecules have three Fab sites to which allergens can bind.

False

IgE only responds to cell-bound antigens.

False

Mechanisms are in place so that hemolytic transfusion reactions no longer occur.

False

Opsonization of red blood cells occurs after phagocytosis.

False

Systemic anaphylaxis is a type I hypersensitivity caused by the release of cytokines by TH1 cells.

False

Match each chemical mediator with the best description of its effects: heparin

Stimulates bradykinin production

Which of the following describes what happens when someone has a reaction to poison ivy?

The individual's cells absorb the antigen and are then targeted by CTLs, which induce apoptosis.

Clonal proliferation in a type I hypersensitivity reaction results from the release of cytokines from TH2 cells.

True

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be a type III or type IV hypersensitivity, depending on whether immune complexes accumulate.

True

Serum sickness is another term for systemic type III hypersensitivity.

True

The production of IgE-secreting plasma cells can be triggered by interleukin-4.

True

An allergy is an example of which of the following?

Type I hypersensitivity

Which of the following is an advantage of using vaccines instead of antibacterial sera, such as the diphtheria antitoxin?

Vaccines are less likely to cause systemic type III hypersensitivity.

Which of the following types of transplants has the lowest risk of rejection?

autograft

Match each chemical mediator with the best description of its effects: histamine

causes increased mucus and tear formation, increased vascular permeability, and smooth-muscle contraction

Match each chemical mediator with the best description of its effects: TNF-α

causes inflammation and cytokine production

Match each chemical mediator with the best description of its effects: serotonin

causes vasodilation, smooth-muscle contraction, and increased vascular permeability

A granuloma is which of the following infections?

chronic local infection

Granules in mast cells are released to the extracellular environment through which of the following processes?

degranulation

In some cases, transplanted tissue (such as bone marrow) can produce cytotoxic T cells that attack the host cells of the recipient. Which of the following describes such an attack?

graft versus host disease

Desensitization treatment is also known by which of the following terms?

hyposensitization therapy

Rh factors are which of the following?

important RBC antigens

Which of the following types of infection is most common in an individual with X-linked agammaglobulinemia?

infections caused by extracellular, pyogenic pathogens

When serum sickness occurs, the immune complexes are removed by which of the following?

phagocytic cells

Serum sickness is which of the following?

systemic type III hypersensitivity

The term immune tolerance means which of the following?

the ability to recognize self and prevent immune attack on one's own cell