Chapter 19

How did the National Assembly respond to the hopes and expectations of Saint-Domingue's different social groups?

They pissed everybody off

The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that

broadened womens rights (owning property, getting a divorce)

Why did the British decide to stop fighting the Americans at Yorktown in 1781 and to offer such favorable terms to the Americans in Paris in 1783

cut their losses and end the global war

The legal definition of the composition of the prerevolutionary third estate included

interest payments on the debt

The abbé Sieyès considered the third estate

leaders/strongest of the French

Which event occurred during the Hundred Days in France?

? Napoleon returns from Elba to try and take back rule, the Louises go back on throne

As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to women's political activity?

A distraction from their womanly duties, banned it

How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?

Appealed to revolutionaries and nobles

Which statement was true of Napoleon Bonaparte?

Brilliant military leader

Who argued in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) that abstract principles like "liberty" and "rights" were no foundation on which to form a government?

Edmund Burke

Which of these best describes the composition of Napoleon's Grand Empire?

Enlarged France, many satellite kingdoms, allies with Russia and Austria

Which factor caused the life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain?

Girondists were more moderate, Mountain was radical

Why did the Antifederalists oppose the new American Constitution proposed by the Constitutional Convention?

Individual freedom would be taken away

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe to the French Revolution change over the Revolution's first two years?

Initially pleased France was weaker, then got scared of the radical ideas

After the arrest and deportation of Toussaint L'Ouverture, how was the war of Haitian independence resolved?

Jean-Jaques Dessaline stepped in, declared independence

The attack on the Bastille had which political effect?

King couldn't reinstall his authority, National Assembly stayed in power

Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

March of the women on the palace

Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), the latter a founding text of the feminist movement?

Mary Wollstonecraft

Napoleon's Continental System had which economic effect?

Middle class suffered

Which of these was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

Respond to threats on France, dictatorship

Which two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code?

Security of private land/wealth, equality of white men

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?

State could elect the church leaders, church could practice freely

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?

The army kept men employed

How did French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

They were supposedly liberators, but also stole food and housing, invaders

Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor?

Thought he was going to execute them

How did America's Constitutional Convention of 1787 deal with the discord between pro- and anti slavery delegates?

Three-fifths law

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?

Total war effort, terror, nationalism

Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution?

Traditional rights of English people were now for everyone

Why did the French commissioners sent by the newly elected National Convention to Saint-Domingue abolish slavery in 1793?

Wanted slaves on their side, not Spanish

Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?

Wars with the French needed funding

How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General or National Assembly?

Younger and less cautious

In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, the National Assembly restored order by

abolishing noble and church privileges

According to Olympe de Gouges,

men and women should be equal before law

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guaranteed

men are free and have equal rights

The string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-94 was largely due to

nationalism and large numbers of men

Between 1789 and 1791, the National Assembly passed legislation to undermine the power of

nobles and church leaders

In the summer of 1789, the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by

revolts of the common people

Louis XV damaged the sense of his sacred authority by

sleeping around

In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on

the military

In the eighteenth century, many liberal thinkers believed that representative institutions could defend the liberty and interests of the people. In terms of political practice, this meant that

voting was restricted to men with property

The Loyalist faction in the American Revolution

were wealthy and politically moderate

When liberals in the late eighteenth century called for equality, they were primarily concerned with equality for

white guys with property