Chapter 19

How much blood does an adult male normally have? A) 5-6 liters B) 3-4 liters C) 4-5 liters D) 2-3 liters

5-6 liters

What portion of a person's body weight does the blood represent? 7% 3% 4% 10%

7%

What is jaundice? A yellowing of the skin and eyes A decrease in the level of bilirubin in the blood An increase in the recycling of red blood cells An infection in the liver

A yellowing of the skin and eyes

If a person has type A, Rh surface antigens on the blood cells, and anti-B antibodies in the plasma, what is that person's blood type? A-positive B-negative B-positive A-negative

A-positive

Which type of plasma protein serves as a carrier for hormones T3 and T4? Albumins Antibodies Apolipoproteins Fibrinogens

Albumins

Circulating mature RBCs lack __________. All of the listed responses are correct. mitochondria nuclei ribosomes

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood? All of the listed responses are correct. Transportation of gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes Regulation of pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids Defend against pathogens

All of the listed responses are correct.

Why is there a difference in the hematocrit between males and females? Androgens stimulate red blood cell production and estrogens do not. Males have more blood than females. Males have more bone mass than females and thus more red bone marrow. Males have a faster metabolic rate and need more oxygen.

Androgens stimulate red blood cell production and estrogens do not.

Which type of protein is responsible for transporting triglycerides in the blood? Apolipoproteins Steroid-binding proteins Hormone-binding proteins Metalloproteins

Apolipoproteins

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning T cells and B cells? ANSWER B cells differentiate into T cells and produce antibodies against foreign antigens. B and T cells are involved in a specific immune response. T cells complete their maturation process in the thymus. B cells and T cells are both types of lymphocytes.

B cells differentiate into T cells and produce antibodies against foreign antigens.

What type of blood would cause a cross-reaction when given to a person with type A-positive blood? B-positive O-negative O-positive A-positive

B-positive

Which of the following is NOT a good reason why venipuncture is a common technique for obtaining a blood sample? Blood does not clot as easily coming from veins as it does from arteries. Veins are thinner-walled than arteries. Veins are easier to locate and access. Blood pressure is lower in veins.

Blood does not clot as easily coming from veins as it does from arteries.

Which of the following statements about blood is FALSE? Blood is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6.5. Blood defends against toxins and pathogens. Blood helps stabilize body temperature. Blood is used to transport respiratory gases.

Blood is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6.5.

What are the major components of the cardiovascular system? Blood, heart, and blood vessels Veins, arteries, and capillaries Lymph, plasma, and hemoglobin Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Blood, heart, and blood vessels

In addition to water and proteins, what else make up plasma? Electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes None of the listed responses are correct. Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes

Leucocytes or white blood cells figt infection. They have the ability to leave the bloodstream and enter a damaged or infected area. What is the name of this process of leaving the bloodstream? Emigration or diapedesis Leucocytosis Chemotaxis Margination

Emigration or diapedesis

Which of the following is NOT a benefit to the unusual shape of the red blood cell? Greater hemoglobin carrying capacity Increased surface-to-volume ratio Red blood cells can stack up on each other. They are flexible.

Greater hemoglobin carrying capacity

A patient developed an obstruction in his renal arteries that restricted blood flow to his kidneys. What would happen to the formed elements? Hematocrit would increase. Circulating thrombocyte numbers would decrease. Leukocyte numbers would increase. Red blood cell numbers would decrease.

Hematocrit would increase.

Where are most plasma proteins produced? Liver Lung Kidney Spleen

Liver

Which type of white blood cell includes the B and T cells, which are responsible for humoral and cell-mediated immunity? Lymphocyte Monocyte Basophil Neutrophil

Lymphocyte

Which type of white blood cell circulates in the blood for about 24 hours before entering the tissues and differentiating into a macrophage? Monocyte Neutrophil Lymphocyte Basophil

Monocyte

Which blood cell is responsible for carrying out immune surveillance? Natural killer cells T-cells B-cells Macrophages

Natural killer cells

What type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut? Neutrophil Monocyte Basophil Lymphocyte

Neutrophil

Which type of granular leukocyte can engulf up to two dozen bacteria and also produces a respiratory burst that creates harsh chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide? Neutrophil Basophil Eosinophil Lymphocyte

Neutrophil

If agglutinogen B meets with agglutinin anti-A, what is the result? No agglutination occurs. The patient dies. The patient becomes comatose. A cross-reaction occurs.

No agglutination occurs.

In which pregnancy are an Rh-positive mom and an Rh-positive child at risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis? No pregnancy First pregnancy All pregnancies Second or later pregnanciesv

No pregnancy

What is hematocrit? The percentage of formed elements in whole blood. The number of erythrocytes in whole blood. The percentage of leukocytes in whole blood. The number of leukocytes in whole blood.

The percentage of formed elements in whole blood.

Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets? They release chemicals to destroy bacteria. They initiate blood clotting. They patch damaged vessels. They reduce the size of a break in a vessel.

They release chemicals to destroy bacteria.

How do basophils respond to an injury? They release histamine and heparin. They phagocytize bacteria. They produce antibodies. They perform cell-mediated immunity.

They release histamine and heparin.

A person who was faithfully avoiding eating any fats could have problems with blood clotting. Why would blood clotting be affected? They would be deficient in vitamin K. They could not produce platelets. They would be deficient in Ca2+. They could not make the chemicals in platelets.

They would be deficient in vitamin K.

What would be the effect on your body if for some reason your liver was damaged and stopped producing albumins? A) Tissue swelling B) Decreased resistance to infection C) Inability to transport iron in the blood D) Slow clotting time

Tissue swelling

The primary function of a mature red blood cell is which of the following? Transport of respiratory gases All of the listed responses are correct. Defense against toxins and pathogens Delivery of enzymes to target tissues

Transport of respiratory gases

Which blood type can safely be transfused into a person with type O blood? Type O Type A Type B Type AB

Type O

What type of blood is considered to be the "universal donor"? Type O negative Type AB positive Type A negative Type B negative

Type O negative

In which phase of hemostasis does local contraction of an injured blood vessel occur? Vascular phase Fibrinolysis Coagulation phase Platelet phase

Vascular phase

What are the "patrol agents" in the blood that defend the body against toxins and pathogens? White blood cells and antibodies Red blood cells and platelets Hormones and enzymes Albumins and globulins

White blood cells and antibodies

Agglutinogens are contained on the __________, whereas the agglutinins are found in the __________. cell membrane of the RBC; plasma mitochondria; nucleus of the RBC plasma; cell membrane of the RBC nucleus of the RBC; mitochondria

cell membrane of the RBC; plasma

Signs of iron-deficiency anemia include __________. decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and O2-carrying capacity decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin and increase in O2-carrying capacity increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and O2-carrying capacity increase in hematocrit, decrease in hemoglobin, and decrease in O2-carrying capacity

decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and O2-carrying capacity

Reticulocytes are nucleated immature cells that develop into mature __________. erythrocytes lymphocytes leukocytes platelets

erythrocytes

Megakaryocytes are specialized cells of the bone marrow that are responsible for __________. formation of platelets production of scar tissue in an injured area specific immune responses engulfing invading bacteria

formation of platelets

Erythropoietin appears in the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to __________. low oxygen concentrations temperature extremes excessive amounts of radiation high urine volumes

low oxygen concentrations

Platelets are formed from large cells called __________. megakaryocytes neutrophils natural killer cells macrophages

megakaryocytes

Protein synthesis in a mature RBC occurs primarily __________. nowhere; mature red blood cells cannot synthesize proteins in ribosomes in the nucleus in mitochondria

nowhere; mature red blood cells cannot synthesize proteins

What is the primary site of erythropoiesis in an adult? Bone marrow Heart Liver Kidney

Bone marrow

Which of the following is NOT a surface antigen that is used in determining blood type? C Rh B A

C

Which of the following affect almost every aspect of the clotting process? Calcium ions and vitamin K Potassium ions and vitamin B12 Sodium ions and vitamin D Calcium ions and vitamin C

Calcium ions and vitamin K

In which phase of hemostasis is fibrin deposited, creating a solid blood clot? Coagulation phase Fibrinolysis Vascular phase Platelet phase

Coagulation phase

Which of the following are NOT components of plasma? Elastic fibers Organic wastes Dissolved proteins Antibodies

Elastic fibers

Which of the following types of white blood cells are involved in fighting off parasitic infections, such as flukes and roundworms? Eosinophils Basophils Neutrophils Lymphocytes

Eosinophils

Which component makes up the biggest proportion of the formed elements? Erythrocytes Leucocytes Thrombocytes Water

Erythrocytes

What is the specific term for the production of red blood cells? Erythropoiesis Thrombopoiesis Hemopoiesis Leukopoiesis

Erythropoiesis

Which of the following is a notable feature of leukemia? Excessive numbers of white blood cells Absence of certain blood-clotting factors Yellowing of the eyes and skin Crescent-shaped erythrocytes

Excessive numbers of white blood cells

In the process of Hemostasis, what triggers the Extrinsic Pathway of the coagulation phase? Factor III or Tissue Factor or TF Activated Factor X Platelet Factor or PF-3 Activated Factor XII

Factor III or Tissue Factor or TF

Which of the plasma proteins functions in blood clotting? Fibrinogen Antibodies Albumin Globulins

Fibrinogen

What kind of tissue is blood? Fluid connective tissue Fibrous connective tissue Epithelial tissue Loose connective tissue

Fluid connective tissue

Which category of plasma proteins includes antibodies? Globulins Hormones Fibrinogen Albumin

Globulins

What type of chemical are the antigens found on our blood cells? Glycoproteins and glycolipids Proteins only Steroids Carbohydrates

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

Which part of hemoglobin binds oxygen? Heme Transferrin Beta chain Alpha chain

Heme

Which of the following is the LEAST abundant type of plasma proteins? A) Hormones B) Globulins C) Albumins D) Fibrinogen

Hormones

Jessica has just moved from Orlando, Florida, to Denver, Colorado. What condition is she now experiencing that is stimulating the production of erythropoietin and, consequently, more red blood cells? Hypoxia caused by an increase in her elevation above sea level Increased oxygen concentration in the atmospheric air A change in diet, from deep-fried comfort foods to healthy, organic meals A decrease in the number of existing white blood cells

Hypoxia caused by an increase in her elevation above sea level

Which plasma protein would you expect to be elevated if you were suffering from strep throat? Immunoglobulins Albumins Transport globulins Fibrinogen

Immunoglobulins

Which of the following is/are NOT (a) formed element(s)? Plasma Platelets Leukocytes Erythrocytes

Plasma

What is serum? A) Plasma with the clotting factors removed B) Plasma with the proteins removed C) Plasma without electrolytes D) Plasma with only immunoglobulins present

Plasma with the clotting factors removed

What does the term thrombocytopoiesis mean? Platelet production Blood clotting Platelet destruction Excess platelet numbers

Platelet production

What is the term for the characteristic of white blood cells in which they are attracted to a specific chemical stimulus? Positive chemotaxis Leukopenia Polymorphism Phagocytosis

Positive chemotaxis

Proportionately, what is the largest component of the plasma, other than water? Proteins Nutrients Electrolytes Wastes

Proteins

Where are red blood cells produced in an adult? Red bone marrow Lungs Liver Yellow bone marrow

Red bone marrow

Even if blood is carefully collected into a tube that has not been treated with an anticoagulant, it will clot. Which part of hemostasis is triggered by the activation of clotting factor XII? The intrinsic pathway The extrinsic pathway The formation of thrombin The platelet phase

The intrinsic pathway

Red blood cells have a limited lifespan and then it is phagocytized by macrophages in the liver spleen and red bone marrow. What happens to the iron ions that were in the heme group? The iron will be either stored in the liver or transported back to the red bone marrow to be incorporated into new hemoglobin. The iron is excreted by the kidneys as urobilins in the urine. The iron becomes part of bile and is excreted into the digestive tract. The iron is converted into biliverdin.

The iron will be either stored in the liver or transported back to the red bone marrow to be incorporated into new hemoglobin.

How is it that liver disorders can alter the composition and the functional properties of blood? The liver is the primary source of plasma proteins. The liver serves as a filter of plasma proteins and pathogens. The liver synthesizes immunoglobulins and protein hormones. The proteins synthesized by the liver are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.

The liver is the primary source of plasma proteins.

Clot destruction involves a process that begins with __________. activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which initiates the production of plasmin activation of the proenzyme fibrinogen, which initiates the production of fibrin activation of Ca2+ to produce the tissue plasmin activation of prothrombin, which initiates the production of thrombin

activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which initiates the production of plasmin

The number of eosinophils increases dramatically during __________. an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection Only one of the listed responses is correct. tissue degeneration or cellular deterioration an injury to a tissue or a bacterial infection

an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection

During RBC recycling, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to __________. biliverdin ferritin transferrin urobilin

biliverdin

The formed elements of the blood consist of __________. red and white blood cells and platelets electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen antibodies, metalloproteins, and lipoproteins

red and white blood cells and platelets

An abnormally low platelet count is called __________. thrombocytopenia thrombocytosis leukopenia anemia

thrombocytopenia