Chapter 19: Endocrine System
___ is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to a rise in the concentration of electrolytes in the blood, or in response to a fall in blood volume or blood pressure.
ADH
What are the main functions of calcitonin, the hormone that is produced by C thyrocytes?
It inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates skeletal growth
In women, which of the following is the function(s) of oxytocin that is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Stimulates the contractions of smooth muscle cells in the uterus and myoepithelial cells surrounding the secretory cells of the mammary glands
In menopausal women, there is/are ____.
a decline in the concentration of reproductive hormones
The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex normally secretes small amounts of ____.
androgens
Diabetes insipidus is a syndrome in which an underproduction of ___ exists.
antidiuretic hormone
They thyroid gland is responsible for the secretion of which hormone(s)?
calcitonin
___ is a steroid hormone secreted by the kidney in response to the presence of parathyroid hormone.
calcitriol
Parathyroid hormone stimulates the production of ___ hormone in this organ ___.
calcitriol; kidneys
Regarding the hormone groups based on their chemical structure, the ___ are derivatives of tyrosine and are released by the adrenal medulla.
catecholamines
C-thyrocytes help regulate the concentration of ___ ions in body fluids.
clacium
Choose the cell type-hormone pair that is correctly matched.
delta cells-somatostatin
___ are small molecules with a five-carbon ring at one end and are released by most body cells.
eicosanoids
The T thyrocytes of the thyroid gland are also termed ___.
follicular cells
After puberty, the thymus ___.
gradually diminishes in size
Produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, the hormone called ___ stimulated cell growth and replication by accelerating the rate of protein synthesis.
growth hormone
Autonomic centers in the ___ exert neural control over hormone secretion by the adrenal medullae.
hypothalamus
Which endocrine organ is responsible for the production of ADH, oxytocin, and regulatory hormones?
hypothalamus
Which of the following is/are the effects of hormones produced by the T thyrocytes of the thyroid gland?
increase energy utilization, oxygen consumption, growth, and development
In the male, the ___ of the testes produce androgens.
interstitial cells
The T thyrocytes actively transport ___ ions into the cell from the interstitial fluid.
iodide
When the oxygen content of the blood becomes too low, the ___ releases ___ to stimulate red blood cell production.
kidney; erythropoietin
Which glandular structure(s) secretes norepinephrine?
medulla of adrenal gland
The secretion of ___ by the anterior pituitary gland is not under the control of a regulatory hormone from the hypothalamus.
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Which hormone is a derivative of tryptophan and is synthesized by pinealocytes?
melatonin
Which hormone is derived from molecules of the neurotransmitter serotonin and functions to slow the maturation of sperm, oocytes, and reproductive organs?
melatonin
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland produces which hormone(s)?
mineralocoricoids
Functioning as protein secretors, the T thyrocytes, therefore, have abundant ___.
mitochondria
Which cell population secretes a hormone, called inhibin, which depresses the secretion of FSH by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
nurse cells
The ___ is a mixed gland with both exocrine and endocrine activities, and lies within the abdominopelvic cavity in the J-shaped loop between the stomach and small intestine.
pancreas
The ___ contains neurons, glial cells, and special secretory cells that synthesize the hormone melatonin.
pineal gland
Which structure(s) delivers the blood that contains regulatory hormones to the anterior pituitary gland?
portal vessels
The release of oxytocin during labor and delivery, which causes smooth muscle contractions in the uterus and causes further oxytocin release, is an example of hormone regulation through ___.
positive feedback
In the female, ___ accelerate(s) the movement of the oocyte along the uterine tube and prepare(s) the uterus for the arrival of the developing embryo.
progesterone
Which is/are a steroid hormone(s) that prepares the female body for possible pregnancy?
progestins
The corpus luteum secretes which hormone whose primary targets include the pubic symphysis, uterus, and mammary glands?
relaxin
What group of hormones is/are derived from cholesterol?
steroid hormones
The only endocrine gland that stores its hormone product extracellularly is the ___.
thyroid
Which of the following accounts for roughly 90 percent of all thyroid secretions?
thyroxine
The ___ of the adrenal gland occupies about 80 percent of the cortex.
zona fasciculata