Chapter 19 hist 112

Mercantilist economic theory dictates that :

O States should keep their economies blocked off from competitors and import as little and export as much as possible .

Between 1434 and 1472 , mariners explored the African coast as far east as the Bight of Benin .

Portuguese

Ships leaving from their home ports in England would exchange for slaves in West Africa

Rum

In the seventeenth century , the process of manumission was :

Sometimes followed by the freedman's acquisition of his own slaves

An example of a Creole language that has survived for centuries is Gullah , used by the isolated communities along the coastal islands of Georgia and

South Carolina

was the only North American colony , and later state , in which African Americans outnumbered those of European descent .

South Carolina

The popularity of rum promoted :

The expansion of sugar planting and slavery , to their peak after 1750

The popularity of rum promoted :

The expansion of sugar planting and slavery , to their peak after 1750 .

Slaveowners constantly faced

The threat of insurrection .

What greatly helped the Portuguese trade with West Africans for cloth and metal that were in demand in Europe

They built forts on the coast from which to trade .

The ruler Ewuare was the first to rise to dominance over chiefs and assume the title of king over

Benin

Although the precise number of Africans transported to the Americas in the slave trade is difficult to determine , nearly half of the total were sent to

Brazil

demand for slave labor reached new heights in Brazil when

Gold was discovered in Minas Gerais in 1690

The demand for slave labor reached new heights in Brazil when :

Gold was discovered in Minas Gerais in 1690 .

After Brazil , which region in the American received the largest number of African slaves

The Caribbean

In the middle of the seventeenth century , who built a fort to supply ships sailing around the Cape of Good Hope ?

The Dutch

Barbados was settled initially in 1627 by English planters who employed English and Irish

Indentured laborers

By the sixteenth century , the capital of Kongo , M'banza was comparable in size to .

London

The 2016 film , Birth of a Nation dramatized the 1831 slave rebellion led by

Nat Turner

The Songhay empire was able to acquire gold by taxing the markets of Timbuktu and

Gao

The rulers of Benin did all of the following except :

Actively resisted the encroachment of Portuguese cultural values .

In the Kongolese belief system , Portuguese Catholicism was :

Adapted to the indigenous African spiritual and cultural heritage .

James Oglethorpe's vision for the colony of Georgia included all of the following except :

An adoption of native Creek patterns of interaction with the natural environment .

In " chattel " slavery , the slave is , in legal terms :

An item of moveable personal property

Recent scholarship suggests that a key formative element in the development of culture and identity of Africans in the Americas lay in the influence of the :

Central African Creoles from Kongo and Ndongo

As part of the African Africans moved to nearly all parts of the Americas primarily as a result of the transatlantic slave trade .

Diaspora

Around 1750 , there were about 10,000 Boers ( Dutch for " " ) in the Cape Colony , easily outnumbered by slaves

Farmers

The average slave field hand on a sugar plantation was estimated to live :

Five or six years .

The indigo plant which contributed to a booming economy in South Carolina starting in the 1740s .

Was processed into a dye

In contrast to their counterparts in West Africa the Fur and Funj federations between Lake Chad and the Nile

Were fully converted to Islam , from the royal clans down to the commoners .

In the 1440s , Portuguese mariners raided the coast for slaves

West African

What did King Sebastião I of Portugal establish in 1571 ?

colony adjacent to the kingdom of Ndongo in Africa

Some slave - ship captains favored the " tight packing " method , deliberately overcrowding their human cargo on a Middle Passage voyage on the assumption that :

few more captives might survive than on a ship that was less crowded .