Chapter 19

A centrifuged sample of blood shows 53% plasma, 1% buffy coat, and 46% erythrocytes. What percent of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets? A. 1% B. 46% C. 47% D. 53%

A. 1%

Which of the following blood types would agglutinate if donated to a person with blood type A+? A. B- B. O+ C. O- D. A-

A. B-

Carbohydrate groups on the surfaces of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as __________. A. antigens B. tissue factors C. antibodies D. agglutinins

A. antigens

The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)? A. antigens A and B B. antigen O C. antigen D D. antigen Rh

A. antigens A and B

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that block's the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would have problems with __________. A. coagulation B. erythropoiesis C. agglutination D. thrombolysis

A. coagulation

What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis? A. kidney B. spleen C. liver D. pancreas

A. kidney

Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies? A. lymphocyte B. neutrophil C. monocyte D. eosinophil

A. lymphocyte

Hemostasis is mediated by __________. A. platelets B. lymphocytes C. monocytes D. erythrocytes

A. platelets

What is the average lifespan of a platelet? A: 7-10 days B: 175-200 days C: 30-40 days D: 100-120 days

A: 7-10 days

Which of the following antibodies does a person with type B+ blood have in their plasma? A: Anti-A antibodies B: Anti-A and Anti-Rh antibodies C: Anti-Rh antibodies D: Anti-B antibodies

A: Anti-A antibodies

Which leukocyte is the least common and functions to mediate inflammation? A: Basophil B: Monocyte C: Eosinophil D: Neutrophil

A: Basophil

Which of the following products from the breakdown of hemoglobin is excreted as a waste product by the liver? A: Bilirubin B: Amino acids C: Iron ions D: Biliverdin

A: Bilirubin

Which of the following events must occur first during hemostasis? A: Formation of thrombin B: Formation of fibrin C: Clot retraction D: Thrombolysis

A: Formation of thrombin

What clotting disorder results from an inadequate amount of the Christmas factor (IX)? A: Hemophilia B B: Pulmonary embolism C: Hemophilia A D: Deep vein thrombosis

A: Hemophilia B

What process involves a series of events that minimizes the amount of blood lost from an injured blood vessel? A: Hemostasis B: Coagulation C: Hematopoiesis D; Hemolysis

A: Hemostasis

Which of the following substances does not inhibit coagulation? A: Prothrombin B: Antithrombin-III C: Protein C D: Heparan sulfate

A: Prothrombin

A sample reacts with anti-A and anti-B antibodies, but it does not react with anti-Rh antibodies. What is the sample's blood type? A: Type AB- B: Type AB+ C: Type O+ D: Type O-

A: Type AB-

During a tapeworm infection, you would expect to see increased numbers of: A: eosinophils. B: basophils. C: neutrophils. D: lymphocytes.

A: eosinophils.

The hematocrit is the percentage of blood composed of: A: erythrocytes B: plasma C: leukocytes D: platelets

A: erythrocytes

What activates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation? A: factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers B: prothrombin is converted to thrombin C: release of tissue factor (Factor III) by subendothelial cells D: fibrinogen is converted to fibrin

A: factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers

During leukopoiesis, basophils are derived from __________. A: myeloblasts B: lymphoblast C: monoblasts D: megakaryoblast

A: myeloblasts

What do platelets possess? A: plasma membrane B: nucleus C: the ability to reproduce by mitosis D: protein-synthesizing organelles

A: plasma membrane

What chemical is produced by endothelial cells at the site of injury during the first step of platelet plug formation? A: von Willebrand factor B: Hageman factor C: Tissue factor D: Fibrinogen

A: von Willebrand factor

What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure? A. transport proteins B. albumin C. antibodies D. collagen

B. albumin

The process of red blood cell production is known as __________. A. erythrocytosis B. erythropoiesis C. erythropenia D. polycythemia

B. erythropoiesis

What cell gives rise to all formed elements? A. reticulocyte B. hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) C. proerythroblast D. erythroblast

B. hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

What cells are categorized as agranulocytes? A. reticulocytes and erythrocytes B. lymphocytes and monocytes C. neutrophils and basophils D. eosinophils and basophils

B. lymphocytes and monocytes

What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult? A. basophil B. neutrophil C. eosinophil D. lymphocyte

B. neutrophil

All red blood cells in an adult originate in the __________. A. spleen B. red bone marrow C. heart D. liver

B. red bone marrow

The function of red blood cells is to __________. A. phagocytize bacteria B. transport oxygen and carbon dioxide C. stop blood loss from an injured blood vessel D. transport nutrients to the body's cells and tissues

B. transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

The most abundant component of plasma is __________. A. proteins B. water C. gases D. ions

B. water

Which antigens does a person with blood type A- have on the surface of his or her erythrocytes? A: A and Rh antigens B: A antigens C: Rh antigens D: B antigens

B: A antigens

How can hydrophobic steroids travel in the blood? A: By binding to hydrophobic γ-globulins B: By binding to hydrophilic transport proteins C: By binding to hydrophobic immune proteins D: By binding to hydrophilic albumins

B: By binding to hydrophilic transport proteins

Which of the following characteristics do platelets have? A: Extensive endoplasmic reticulum B: Capable of oxidative catabolism C: Reproduce quickly by mitosis D: Large single nucleus

B: Capable of oxidative catabolism

What is another name for the Rh antigen? A: B antigen B: D antigen C: A antigen D: O antigen

B: D antigen

Which leukocytes have cytoplasmic granules that stain red and bilobed nuclei? A: Monocytes B: Eosinophils C: Basophils D: Neutrophils

B: Eosinophils

What event initiates the intrinsic or contact pathway of coagulation? A: Subendothelial cells display tissue factor. B: Factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers. C: Prothrombin is converted to thrombin. D: Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.

B: Factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers.

In erythropoiesis, what is the name of the cell that has ejected its nucleus and other organelles prior to being released into the bloodstream? A: Erythrocyte B: Reticulocyte C: Erythroblast D: Proerythroblast

B: Reticulocyte

What condition results in the formation of an inappropriate blood clot? A: Hematopoiesis B: Thrombosis C: Hemostasis D: Thrombolysis

B: Thrombosis

Which of the following blood types is considered the universal recipient? A: Type O- B: Type AB+ C: Type O+ D: Type AB-

B: Type AB+

All leukocytes arise from: A: myeloid stem cells. B: hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). C: lymphoid stem cells. D: leukoblasts.

B: hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Through the microscope, you notice a very large leukocyte with a U-shaped nucleus. What type of leukocyte have you observed? A: basophil B: monocyte C: neutrophil D: lymphocyte

B: monocyte

A bruise appears greenish in the skin because: A: green-colored hemoglobin leaks from the bloodstream into the bruise. B: the heme group in hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin. C: bilirubin from hemoglobin recycling has accumulated in the bruise. D: dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury.

B: the heme group in hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

How much blood does the average adult have? A. 1.5 L B. 3 L C. 5 L D. 7 L

C. 5 L

What percentage of the blood is composed of plasma? A. 15% B. 45% C. 55% D. 75%

C. 55%

Normal blood pH should fall between __________. A. 6.95 and 7.15 B. 7.15 and 7.25 C. 7.35 and 7.45 D. 7.65 and 7.85

C. 7.35 and 7.45

Which blood type is compatible with B- during a transfusion? A. B+ B. AB- C. O- D. O+

C. O-

During a transfusion, incompatible antigens can be introduced. Antibodies can bind to foreign antigens, causing them to clump together, or __________. A. activate B. coagulate C. agglutinate D. granulate

C. agglutinate

Nora was exposed to radiation that caused her red bone marrow to make less red blood cells. This condition is known as __________. A. hemolytic anemia B. iron-deficiency anemia C. aplastic anemia D. sickle cell anemia

C. aplastic anemia

Which of the following must occur first during hemostasis? A. thrombolysis B. formation of fibrin C. formation of thrombin D. clot retraction

C. formation of thrombin

What is the oxygen-binding protein found in erythrocytes? A. gamma globulin B. beta globulin C. hemoglobin D. albumin

C. hemoglobin

Platelets are cell fragments formed from __________. A. monoblasts B. lymphocytes C. megakaryocytes D. myeloblasts

C. megakaryocytes

What forms the majority of blood? A. platelets B. leukocytes C. plasma D. buffy coat

C. plasma

What vitamin is necessary for certain clotting factors to operate during coagulation? A. vitamin D B. vitamin C C. vitamin K D. vitamin E

C. vitamin K

Since erythrocytes lack a nucleus to make repairs, they only live: A: 10-20 days B: 30-60 days C: 100-120 days. D: 145-175 days.

C: 100-120 days.

Which of the following blood types is compatible with B- during a transfusion? A: AB- B: B+ C: O- D: O+

C: O-

What enzyme coverts fibrinogen to fibrin? A: Tissue factor B: Antihemophilic factor A C: Thrombin D: Hageman factor

C: Thrombin

What process dissolves a blood clot? A: Leukopoiesis B: Hematopoiesis C: Thrombolysis D: Hemostasis

C: Thrombolysis

What is the functional consequence of vascular spasms during hemostasis? A: Vascular spasms cause platelets to adhere to exposed collagen. B: Vascular spasms cause activated platelets to release the contents of their granules. C: Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss. D: Vascular spasms transform fibrinogen into fibrin.

C: Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss.

Bilirubin comes from the breakdown of: A: globin chains of hemoglobin. B: amino acids of hemoglobin. C: heme molecules of hemoglobin that lack iron. D: iron ions found in hemoglobin molecules.

C: heme molecules of hemoglobin that lack iron.

What organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? A: brain B: pancreas C: liver D: spleen

C: liver

Which organ traps older erythrocytes so they will be removed from circulation? A: pancreas B: gallbladder C: spleen D: stomach

C: spleen

During the coagulation cascade, increased thrombin production encourages: A: plasmin to degrade fibrin. B: the initiation of fibrinolysis. C: the activation of factors V and VIII. D: the activation of factor X.

C: the activation of factors V and VIII.

What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade? A. iron ions B. potassium ions C. magnesium ions D. calcium ions

D. calcium ions

The stoppage of bleeding is known as __________. A. thrombolysis B. coagulation C. platelet plug formation D. hemostasis

D. hemostasis

Select the appropriate pathway for the steps of hemostasis. A. platelet plug formation, vascular spasms, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis B. vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, thrombolysis, clot retraction C. vascular spasms, coagulation, platelet plug formation, clot retraction, thrombolysis D. vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis

D. vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis

Which of the following factors is not related to anemia? A: Abnormal hemoglobin B: Decreased hemoglobin C: Decreased hematocrit D: Abnormal leukocytes

D: Abnormal leukocytes

Which of the following pairs of terms can be used interchangeably? A: Antigen and coagulation B: Antigen and agglutinin C: Antibody and coagulation D: Antibody and agglutinin

D: Antibody and agglutinin

Which of the following characteristics is associated with erythrocytes? A: Cytoplasmic granules B: Prominent nuclei C: Immune functions D: Biconcave shape

D: Biconcave shape

Which of the following statements about blood is FALSE? A: Blood performs immune functions. B: Blood helps maintain body temperature. C: Blood is more viscous than water. D: Blood pH normally falls between 6.5 and 6.8.

D: Blood pH normally falls between 6.5 and 6.8.

Which of the following functions is not associated with erythropoietin? A: Replacement of yellow bone marrow with red bone marrow B: Speeds up the rate of erythropoiesis C: Reduces the amount of time needed for new erythrocytes to mature D: Decrease production of the protein hemoglobin

D: Decrease production of the protein hemoglobin

What process does agglutination promote? A: Coagulation B: Hemostasis C: Hematopoiesis D: Hemolysis

D: Hemolysis

Which blood type is compatible with B- during a transfusion? A: AB- B: B+ C: O- D: O+

D: O-

Which of the following functions is not associated with blood? A: Preserving acid-base homeostasis B: Performing immune functions C: Maintaining body temperature D: Protecting internal organs

D: Protecting internal organs

Which statement best describes red blood cells? A: Red blood cells have a nucleus and most organelles. B: Red blood cells live about 10 days. C: Red blood cells form antibodies to fight antigens. D: Red blood cells possess a protein known as hemoglobin.

D: Red blood cells possess a protein known as hemoglobin.

What do vascular spasms contribute to the process of hemostasis? A: Vascular spasms cause activated platelets to release the contents of their granules. B: Vascular spasms cause platelets to adhere to exposed collagen. C: Vascular spasms transform fibrinogen into fibrin. D: Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss.

D: Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss.

Fibrin converts the soft, liquid platelet plug into a more solid mass by the process of ______________. A: hematopoiesis B: hemolysis C: hemostasis D: coagulation

D: coagulation

Neutrophils are most effective at: A: antibody formation. B: fighting a viral infection. C: fighting a parasitic infection. D: fighting a bacterial infection.

D: fighting a bacterial infection.