Chapter 2: 2.1-2.3 McGraw Hill Smart book Reading
All atoms are composed of several types of____________ particles. A proton is an example of such a particle.
Subatomic
Atoms are composed of which of the following?
Subatomic particles
Arrange the following bonds in order from strongest to weakest bond.
1. Triple Covalent 2. Double Covalent 3. Single Covalent 4. Hydrogen
In a single covalent bond________________ total electrons are shared (please enter the number of shared electrons).
2, two, a pair of, one pair of, or 1 pair of
Ionic bonds involve which of the following? (choose all that apply)
An attraction between atoms with opposite electrical charges A transfer of electrons from one atom to another
What do we call a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means?
An element
Explain why the organic substance C2H5OH is considered a compound?
Because it contains molecules made of atoms of different elements
The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the sum of the masses of its___________and__________
Blank 1: Protons Blank 2: Neutrons
By convention, when writing a chemical equation the__________ are listed on the left side of the arrow and the____________ are listed on the right side of the arrow.
Blank 1: reactants or reagents Blank 2: products
Which of the following molecules are nonpolar?
CH4 O2 N2
Which of the following are compounds?
Carbon dioxide Water Sodium chloride
A(n)__________ is any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being altered itself.
Catalyst
The number and configuration of electrons determines an element's ______.
Chemical properties
Which bond and interaction, is the weakest?
Hydrophobic interaction
Where are valence electrons found?
In the outermost energy level only
A catalyst is any substance that_______________ the rate of a reaction without being altered itself.
Increases
Chemical bonds that form due to the attraction between oppositely charged atoms that have gained, or lost electrons are called ___________bonds.
Ionic bonds
Typically, as the temperature increases, what happens to the rate of a chemical reaction?
It also increases.
What is true of a molecule of gaseous hydrogen (H2)?
It has no net charge.
Select the reasons that the molecule formed by two hydrogen atoms (H2) is stable.
It has no unpaired electrons. It is held together by a covalent bond. It has no net charge.
As the concentration of reactants increases, so do the collisions between them, which causes what?
It speeds up the chemical reaction.
Electrons that are closer to the nucleus always have which of the following?
Less potential energy
Anything that has mass and occupies space is defined as ______.
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space is defined as_______?
Matter
A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association is called which of the following?
Molecule
A(n) _____________is made of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association. The atoms may or may not belong to the same element.
Molecule
How is the crystal structure of salt formed?
Positively charged sodium ions are attracted to negatively charged chloride ions.
The three main types of subatomic particles are?
Proton Neutron Electron
Atomic number refers to the number of which of the following?
Protons
In a double covalent bond, _____________total electrons are shared.
4, four, or two pairs
Atoms are composed of a central_________ which is surrounded by orbiting__________.
Blank 1: nucleus Blank 2: electrons or electron cloud
The atoms in NaCl are held together by what type of bond?
Ionic
Electrons that are farther from the nucleus have ______.
More potential energy.
Which is included in subatomic particles?
Neutrons Protons Electrons
Almost all the mass of an atom is located in the?
Nucleus
Almost all the mass of an atom is located in which of the following?
Nucleus
Atomic number refers to the number of_______in an atom.
Protons
Atoms of the same element always have the same number_______ of in the nucleus, and this number is unique for that element.
Protons
Which subatomic particles determine the atomic mass of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
Atoms of different chemical elements can be differentiated based on the number of ______.
Protons in the nucleus
Which of the following bonds involves the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons?
Covalent Bond
What type of bond is formed when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons?
Covalent bond
Atoms differ in their affinity for___________ , a property called electronegativity.
Electron
The affinity of an atom for an electron is also known as which of the following?
Electronegativity
An atom is composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by which orbiting particles?
Electrons
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the number and configuration of its ______.
Electrons
In living organisms, almost all chemical reactions are catalyzed by protein catalysts called?
Enzymes
In living systems, which of the following catalyze almost every chemical reaction necessary for life?
Enzymes
What atom always has one proton?
Hydrogen
__________atoms usually have no neutrons.
Hydrogen, H, or Protium
Why does the rate of a reaction increase as the concentration of reactants increases?
The reactants collide with each other more frequently.
Carbon and silicon are both found in the same group of the periodic table. Carbon shares very similar bonding properties with silicon due to which of the following?
They have the same number of valence electrons.
Why do elements in the same chemical group have the same bonding properties?
They have the same number of valence electrons.
Electrons in outer, unfilled energy levels are known as ___________electrons.
Valence
Which of the following best describes how temperature affects the rate of a chemical reaction (assume care has been taken that the temperature is not too high as to destroy the reactants)?
As temperature increases, the reaction rate increases.
