Chapter 2 (2.5 - Carbohydrates)

triose

The formula C3H6O3 describes a sugar with the general name

a single ring.

The most common structure of sugars in solution is

monosaccharides

The principal fuel source for living animals is

hydrolysis, consumed

The production of glucose and fructose from sucrose could be accomplished by __________. In this process, water would be __________.

1:1

The ratio of carbon to oxygen in a carbohydrate is

true

True or false? Disaccharides are formed by a process called dehydration synthesis.

Dehydration synthesis

__________ is a reaction in which two monomers are joined to form a macromolecule and water is released as a byproduct.

arthropods and fungi.

Chitin is a structural carbohydrate found in

Glucose and fructose are structural isomers.

Glucose and fructose are common sugars. What is the relationship between the two?

glycogen

In animal cells, glucose is stored as

starch

In plant cells, glucose is stored as

a disaccharide that consists of two glucose molecules.

Maltose is

The shape of the cellulose makes it less accessible to digestive enzymes.

Mammals lack cellulases and cannot digest cellulose without the help of symbiotic bacteria that produce cellulase for them. Why can't amylase, an enzyme that digests starch, effectively digest cellulose?

energy and structure.

Carbohydrates serve two major purposes. These purposes are

sugars and polysaccharides.

Carbohydrates are a class of molecules made up of

dehydration, formed

Sucrose is formed from glucose and fructose by __________. In this process, water is __________.

monosaccharides.

Complex carbohydrates are composed of individual units known as

true

True or false? Cellulose is composed of a chain of beta glucose molecules, and starch is composed of a chain of alpha-glucose molecules.

false

True or false? The formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides is considered a hydrolysis because water is split in the process.

glyceraldehyde and galactose

Which of the following are examples of monosaccharides?

sucrose

Which of the following molecules is not a polysaccharide?

Amylopectin

Which of the following polysaccharides found in plants is highly branched and consists of glucose molecules connected by 1-4 linkages with 1-6 linkages at the branch points?

glycogen

Which of the following polysaccharides would be found stored within a muscle cell?

cellulose

Which type of carbohydrate is found in plant cell walls and is responsible in part for the strength of these walls?