Chapter 2
Tycho Brahe
(1546-1601) established himself as Europe's foremost astronomer of his day; detailed observations of new star of 1572.
When a planet is seen at opposition, it is always
at its closest point to the Earth.
Kepler's second law states
A line joining a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.
The Higgs Boson
The particle that helps to explain why matter is made of mass is...
Kepler's third law can be described in which of the following ways?
The larger the orbit, the longer it takes for the planet to complete one revolution.
Two spaceships that have different masses but rocket engines of identical force are at rest in space. If they fire their rockets at the same time, which ship will speed up faster?
The one with the lower mass
In the geocentric model of the solar system developed by Ptolemy
The planets move in circular epicycles while the centers of the epicycles move in circular orbits around the Earth
What is the difference between the synodic and sidereal periods of a planet?
The synodic period refers to the planet's period with respect to the Earth's motion, whereas the sidereal period is the true period with respect to the background stars.
Inferior Conjuction
Venus or mercury lies between the earth and sun
Perhelion
When the planet is closest to the sun.
Aphilion
When the planet is the farthest from the sun.
Which of the following statements is a CORRECT version of Newton's third law? (Action & Reaction
Whenever some object A exerts a force on some other object B, B must exert a force of equal magnitude on A in the opposite direction.
Newton's first law of Inertia
an object at rest will stay at rest, an object that is moving will stay moving unless disturbed by an un balenced force.
An unbalanced force acting on an object will ALWAYS cause it to
change its speed or its direction of travel or both.
According to Newton's first law,
if no net force is acting upon an object, then both the object's speed and direction of travel will be constant.
Kepler's first law states that a planet moves around the Sun
in an elliptical orbit, with the Sun at one focus.
Kepler's second law states that a planet moves fastest when it
is closest to the Sun.
Eccentricities
odd behavior
Deferent
respectful
Retrograde motion
the apparent backward movement of a planet
Parallax
the apparent change in position of an object when seen from different places
Galileo's early observations of the sky with his newly made telescope included
the discovery of the phases of Venus
The force of gravity between two objects is proportional to
the product of their masses.
The acceleration of an object is defined as
the rate of change of its velocity.
Kepler's third law tells us that
the square of a planet's period in years is the same number as the cube of its semimajor axis in AU.
A person standing on a bathroom scale sees a reading on the scale of 148 pounds. This person is acted on by
two forces of equal size acting in opposite directions.
Newton's third law
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
The Copernican system for planetary motions is
Sun-centered, with the planets moving in perfect circles around the Sun.
Which fundamental particle is believed to create the physical property called "mass" when it interacts with other particles?
The Higgs Boson particle
Which of the following four objects or persons is NOT accelerating?
An Olympic swimmer exerting considerable force to maintain a constant speed in a straight line through the water
Newton's second law
F=mass
When observing planetary motions from the Earth, the phrase "retrograde motion" refers to
A slow westward motion of the planet from night to night compared to the background stars.
When Venus at superior conjunction?
It is at its greatest distance from the Earth
Which of the following statements CORRECTLY states the significance of Galileo's observation that Jupiter has satellites (moons)?
It showed that bodies can orbit an object other than the Earth.
How was the planet Neptune discovered?
It was discovered by mathematical prediction using Newton's laws.
Solar planets abbreviation
MVEMJSUN
Inferior planets
Mercury, Venus are closer to sun than earth
Superior planets
Planets further from the sun than Earth; Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus.