Chapter 2 Brain

The default mode network: is one of the brain's largest networks is the mode of brain function that occurs when it is at rest is often measured using resting-state fMRI all of the above

all of the above

Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to which area of the brain? a. Wernicke's area b. Broca's area c. Parahippocampal place area (PPA) d. Extrastriate body area (EBA)

b. Broca's area

What is a key difference between dendrites and axons? a. One has physical form and the other lacks physical form. b. One sends information and the other receives information. c. One has a positive charge and the other has a negative charge. d. One is internally activated and the other is externally activated.

b. One sends information and the other receives information

Brain imaging has made it possible to a. view propagation of action potentials. b. determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes. c. show how environmental energy is transformed into neural energy. d. view individual neurons in the brain.

b. determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes

The __________ lobe of the cortex receives information from all of the senses and is responsible for coordination of the senses, as well as higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem solving. a. occipital b. frontal c. parietal d. subcortical

b. frontal

If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the __________ in the receptor's axon. a. All of these are correct. b. rate of nerve firing c. speed of nerve conduction d. size of the nerve impulses

b. rate of nerve firing

Before the advent of intercoms, old mansions had a sash in each room. Each sash was connected to a bell on a master board in the servants' office. When someone pulled a sash in a particular room, a bell corresponding to the room would ring on the master board, informing a servant where to go to provide assistance. This system is similar to which of the following? a. Localization coding b. Specificity coding c. Population coding d. Sparse coding

b. Specificity coding

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support __________ coding. a. sparse b. divergence c. distributed d. specificity

a. sparse

the theory that a stimulus is represented by that pattern of firing of a large number of neurons is called: Specificity coding Population coding Sparse coding Localizaton of function

Population coding

Neurons that respond to specific qualities of objects, such as orientation, movement, and length, are called a. dendrites. b. receptors. c. feature detectors. d. retinal cells.

c. feature detectors.

Barbara has recently been diagnosed with abdominal cancer. Her oncologist wants to determine the best treatment method to eliminate the tumors. Her gastroenterologist is focused on relieving her symptoms and restoring normal digestive functioning. Barbara's psychologist works to help minimize her anxiety and keep her spirits up. The fact that these doctors are considering Barbara's situation with different goals and from different perspectives is similar to the idea of __________ presented in your textbook. a. idiographic evaluation b. nomothetic examination c. levels of analysis d. the dynamics of cognition

c. levels of analysis

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function? a. Brain areas are specialized for specific functions. b. Specific areas of the brain serve different functions. c. Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli. d. All of these are correct.

d. All of these are correct.

A synapse is a. the structure that receives electrical signals from other neurons. b. the structure that contains mechanisms to keep a neuron alive. c. a tube filled with fluid that conducts electrical signals. d. the gap that separates two different neurons.

d. the gap that separates two different neurons.

Functional connectivity : is also called 'structural connectivity' is a mechanism that allows a speaker to influence the brain state of a listener is measured using single-cell recording is determined by the amount of correlated neural activity in two brain areas

is determined by the amount of correlated neural activity in two brain areas

Structural connectivity: cannot be studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also called 'functional connectivity" is the same in each human brain is the brain's "wiring diagram" created by axon's that connect brain images

is the brain's "wiring diagram" created by axon's that connect brain images