Chapter 2: Business Communication

A ___________ ____________ chart is designed to visualize more than one categorical variable, plus it allows for the comparison of composition within each category.

Stacked Column

The information in a contingency table can be shown graphically using a _______ _________ chart

Stacked column

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

The height of each rectangle represents cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency.

When constructing classes for a frequency distribution for quantitative data, which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

The number of classes should equal the number of observations.

A ________ is a series of rectangles where the width and height of each rectangle represent the interval width and frequency of the respective interval.

histogram

What graphical tool is best used to display the relative frequency of grouped, quantitative data?

histogram

A stem-and-leaf diagram has two parts: The stem and the leaf. The stem consists of the ______ and the leaf consists of the ______.

leftmost digits; last digit

A ______ chart tends to be used to track changes of the variable over time.

line

A _______ chart displays a numerical variable as a series of consecutive observations connected by a line.

line

A pie chart is a segmented circle whose segments add up to ______ degrees.

360

One of the primary goals when constructing a frequency distribution for quantitative data is to summarize the data in a manner that...

accurately depicts the data as a whole.

One method of graphical presentation for qualitative data is a _____.

bar chart

Relative frequency distributions are generally more useful than frequency distributions when

comparing data sets of different sizes.

A ______ _________ distribution shows the number of observations that fall below the upper limit of a particular interval.

cumulative frequency

When a researcher examines quantitative data and wants to know the number of observations that fall below the upper limit of a particular class, the researcher is BEST served by creating a ______.

cumulative frequency distribution

A _____ ______ frequency for a particular interval indicates the proportion of the observations that falls below the upper limit of that particular interval.

cumulative relative

The ________ ________ frequency for a particular interval indicates the proportion of the observations that fall below the upper limit of that particular interval.

cumulative relative

One method of graphical presentation for qualitative data is a(n) ______.

pie chart

A __________ connects a series of neighboring points where each point represents the midpoint of a particular class and its associated frequency or relative frequency.

polygon

A ______ is a type of graph that allows researchers to examine the relationship between two variables.

scatterplot

A ________ is a graphical tool that helps in determining whether or not two numerical variables are related in some systematic way.

scatterplot

An ogive is a graph that plots the cumulative frequency, or cumulative relative frequency, against the...

upper limit of the corresponding class.

A(n) ______ depicts the frequency or the relative frequency for each category of a qualitative variable as a series of horizontal or vertical bars, the lengths of which are proportional to the values that are depicted.

Bar chart

A bar chart is sometimes referred to as a _______ chart.

Column

How many columns are there in a contingency table?

It depends

How many rows are there in a contingency table?

It depends

Which of the following BEST describes a frequency distribution for qualitative data?

It groups data into categories and records the number of observations in each category.

What is the maximum number of variables that can be displayed using a line chart?

No limit

A(n) ______ is a segmented circle whose segments portray the relative frequencies of the categories of some qualitative variable.

Pie Chart

When constructing a histogram, what values/labels go on the horizontal (x) axis and the vertical (y) axes?

Quantitative class limits on the horizontal axis; frequency or relative frequency on the vertical axis.

________ column charts help us summarize the relationship between two categorical variables.

Stacked

_________ tables help us summarize the relationship between two categorical variables.

Contingency

In a frequency distribution for a numerical variable, intervals are _______

exhaustive

For quantitative data, a ______ groups data into classes and records the number of observations that falls into each class.

frequency distribution

A cumulative frequency distribution identifies the number of ___________ that falls below the upper limit of a particular interval.

observations

Which of the following graphical depictions displays cumulative data?

ogive

A cumulative relative frequency distribution for quantitative data identifies the _______

proportion of observations that fall below the upper limit of each class.

A relative frequency distribution for quantitative data identifies the...

proportion of observations that occur in each class.

A polygon gives a general idea of the _________ of a distribution.

shape

A _____ diagram gives an overall picture of where the observations are centered and how they are dispersed from the center.

stem-and-leaf

In a given cumulative frequency distribution, the "cumulative frequency" column value for the third class represents

the sum of observations in the first, second and third classes.