Chapter 2: Client care and Body Systems - Practice Exercise
What are some of the effects of aging on the skin?
*The epidermis becomes thinner, paler, and more translucent as we grow older. The blood supply to the dermis and subcutaneous tissue decreases. *The amount of subcutaneous fat also decreases, especially in the arms and legs, so that they become thinner. The skin becomes folded, lined, and wrinkled, and has less ability to maintain body temperature. *Nails can become dull, brittle, hard, and thick. Most nail changes are due to a decrease in blood supply to the nail bed.
For each of the body parts below, write in the body system to which it belongs. There are more body parts listed than systems, so you can use the systems more than once if needed. 1. Brain 2. Pancreas 3. Colon 4. Nose 5. Mouth 6. Sweat glands 7. Bones 8. Blood Vessels 9. Spinal Cord 10. Kidneys
1. Brain - Nervous System 2. Pancreas - Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Systems 3. Colon - Endocrine 4. Nose - Respiratory 5. Mouth - Gastrointestinal 6. Sweat glands - Integumentary (skin) 7. Bones - Musculoskeletal System 8. Blood Vessels - Cardiovascular 9. Spinal Cord - Nervous 10. Kidneys - Genitourinary
What are the nine body systems
1. Cardiovascular 2. Respiratory 3. Integumentary (skin) 4. Genito-urinary 5. Gastrointestinal 6. Endocrine 7. Nervous 8. Musculo-Skeletal 9. Sensory
For each disorder, list the body system in which is occurs. Page number references are in parentheses. 1. Pneumonia 2. Urinary Tract Infection 3. Congestive Heart Failure 4. Constipation 5. Pressure Ulcers 6. Diabetes 7. Seizures 8. Hypertension (High blood pressure) 9. Stasis Ulcers 10. Urinary Incontinence 11. Stroke or CVA 12. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
1. Pneumonia: Respiratory (p. 35) 2. Urinary Tract Infection: Genitourinary (p.44) 3. Congestive Heart Failure: Cardiovascular (p. 34) 4. Constipation: Gastrointestinal (p. 46) 5. Pressure Ulcers: Integumentary (skin) (p. 36) 6. Diabetes: Endocrine (p. 48) 7. Seizures: Nervous (p. 52) 8. Hypertension (High blood pressure): Cardiovascular (p. 34) 9. Stasis Ulcers: Integumentary (skin) (p. 36) 10. Urinary Incontinence: Genitourinary (p. 44) 11. Stroke or CVA: Cardiovascular (p. 34) 12. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Respiratory (p. 35)
Choose one of the body systems and name the primary parts that make up that system.
Cardiovascular System 1. Heart 2. Blood Vessels 3. Arteries, veins, and capillaries 4. Blood Respiratory System 1. Nose 2. Throat (pharynx) 3. Voice box (larynx) 4. Windpipe (trachea) 5. Bronchi 6. Lungs Integumentary (Skin) 1) 3 layers of skin: *Epidermis *Dermis (Hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands, sense receptors) *Subcutaneous tissue 2) Fibrous tissue 3) Fatty tissue Genito-Urinary System * Two kidneys * Two ureters * Urinary bladder * Urethra * Male and female reproductive organs Gastrointestinal *Mouth *Esophagus *Stomach *Small intestine *Large intestine *Liver *Gallbladder *Pancreas Endocrine Glands that produce hormones into the blood stream. Glands include: *Pituitary *Thyroid *Parathyroid *Adrenals *Pancreas *Ovaries *Testes Nervous *Brain *Spinal cord *Nerves Musculo-Skeletal *Bones *Muscles *Ligaments *Tendons *Cartilage Sensory *Eyes *Ears *Nose *Skin *Tongue
Pick THREE of the body types above and describe its main functions.
Cardiovascular System Move blood in order to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the different parts of the body. Endocrine Produces chemicals called hormones which regulate and control body activities and growth. Gastrointestinal *Changes food into substances that can be used by all the cells in the body. * Gets rid of waste products through feces. Genito-urinary *Get rid of waste products through urine *Regulate the amount of water in the body *Regulate the chemical balance in the blood. *Reproduction Integumentary (Skin) Epidermis - barrier against bacteria and moisture. Holds in moisture to keep body tissues from drying out. Dermis - contains hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands that regulate body temperature, and sense receptors that identify pain, pressure, heat, cold, etc. Subcutaneous tissue - fibrous tissue connects the upper skin layers to the skeletal muscles. Fatty tissue holds in body heat, provides insulation, and provides an energy source. Musculo-Skeletal Protects the internal body organs, provides a framework for the body, maintains posture, and makes body movement possible. Nervous Coordinated body functions and monitors changes in the body and the environment Respiratory System Manage the transfer of oxygen from the air to the blood, and remove carbon dioxide from the blood for transfer to the air Sensory Gives the body information about the world around it through sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste.
