Chapter 2

What did the scientific management approach advocate? (Check all that apply) Multiple select question. A)Application of scientific methods to analyze work B)Application of qualitative methods to analyze work C)Use of systematic methods to determine the human effects of work D)Use of scientific methods to determine how to efficiently complete tasks

A)Application of scientific methods to analyze work D)Use of scientific methods to determine how to efficiently complete tasks

Which classical management approach stresses the following of rules in a routine and unbiased manner to achieve efficiency and success? A)Bureaucracy B)Systematic management C)Scientific management D)Administrative management

A)Bureaucracy

Systematic management, scientific management, bureaucracy, administrative management, and human relations all emerged during which period of management thought? A)Classical B)Contemporary C)Futuristic D)Medieval

A)Classical

Systematic management achieved organizational goals through which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Definition of duties and responsibilities B)Total quality management C)Cost accounting D)Standardized techniques for performing duties E)Specific means of analyzing information

A)Definition of duties and responsibilities C)Cost accounting D)Standardized techniques for performing duties E)Specific means of analyzing information

Lillian Gilbreth's human side of management included which of the following approaches? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Determining how fatigue and stress affected productivity B)Determining how job satisfaction motivated employees C)Determining how motion studies could be used to help disabled employees perform jobs. D)Determining the benefits employees desire from the organization

A)Determining how fatigue and stress affected productivity B)Determining how job satisfaction motivated employees C)Determining how motion studies could be used to help disabled employees perform jobs.

Systematic management emphasized which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Economical operations B)Organizational behavior C)Organizational control D)Adequate staffing

A)Economical operations C)Organizational control D)Adequate staffing

Which of the following are goals that are common to both classical and contemporary approaches to management? Multiple select question. A)Explaining the real issues facing managers B)Utilizing information technology C)Providing managers with tools to solve future problems D)Eliminating the qualitative tools that managers had

A)Explaining the real issues facing managers C)Providing managers with tools to solve future problems

Who developed a system to lower costs and increase worker productivity by showing how employees could work smarter, not harder? A)Frank Gilbreth B)Fredrick Taylor C)Henry Gantt D)Max Weber

A)Frank Gilbreth

Which of the following is the most famous application of scientific management? A)Henry Ford's factory B)Wright Brothers factory C)Egyptian pyramids D)Hawthorne studies

A)Henry Ford's factory

Which early classical approach theorist expanded the piecerate system by suggesting that bonuses be offered to frontline supervisors whose employees completed their daily tasks? A)Henry Gantt B)Frank Gilbreth C)Fredrick Taylor D)Chester Barnard

A)Henry Gantt

Which shortcomings did Fredrick Taylor discover in organizations that used systematic management? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Inefficiency and waste were prevalent. B)Standardization created bureaucratic organizations. C)There was unused potential. D)Production and pay were poor.

A)Inefficiency and waste were prevalent. C)There was unused potential. D)Production and pay were poor.

Which of the following are Taylor's principles of scientific management? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Management should scientifically select, train, teach, and develop each worker. B)Management should cooperate with workers to ensure that jobs match plans and principles. C)Management should avoid divisions of work and responsibility between management and workers. D)Management should develop a precise approach for each element of one's work.

A)Management should scientifically select, train, teach, and develop each worker. B)Management should cooperate with workers to ensure that jobs match plans and principles. D)Management should develop a precise approach for each element of one's work.

The industrial revolution forced management to begin giving careful consideration to which of the following? Multiple select question. A)Production processes B)Cost savings C)Efficiency D)Human welfare

A)Production processes B)Cost savings C)Efficiency

Under Taylor's scientific management approach, what elements of manufacturing improved most dramatically? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Productivity B)Effectiveness C)Quality D)Efficiency

A)Productivity D)Efficiency

Which classical approach promoted the application of scientific methods to analyze work and to determine how to efficiently complete production tasks? A)Scientific management B)Sociotechnical management C)Systematic management D)Qualitative management

A)Scientific management

The contemporary approaches to management, as opposed to classical approaches, include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Sociotechnical systems B)Organizational behavior C)Quantitative management D)Systems theory E)Administrative management

A)Sociotechnical systems B)Organizational behavior C)Quantitative management D)Systems theory

Which classical approach to management stressed economical operations, adequate staffing, and organizational control? A)Systematic management B)Scientific management C)Bureaucracy D)Quantitative management

A)Systematic management

Which classical approach to management was discovered to be inefficient and wasteful and accompanied by poor production and wages? A)Systematic management B)Scientific management C)Administrative management D)Human relations management

A)Systematic management ???

Which of the following statements about the two major sections of the evolution of management thought are true? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)The approaches influenced one another. B)The approaches were developed independently of one another. C)There was an overlap bw the two as they developed D)Approaches became more dependent on trial-and-error methods.

A)The approaches influenced one another. C)There was an overlap bw the two as they developed

Which of the following are shortcomings of the bureaucratic structure? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)The procedures become the end rather than the means. B)Once established, dismantling is difficult. C)Too much authority is given to too few people. D)Too little authority resides in too many people.

A)The procedures become the end rather than the means. B)Once established, dismantling is difficult. C)Too much authority is given to too few people.

Which of the following are characteristic of systematic management? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)There was an emphasis on internal operations. B)Managers were oriented more toward people than toward things. C)Managers focused on internal issues of efficiency. D)Labor was poorly organized.

A)There was an emphasis on internal operations. C)Managers focused on internal issues of efficiency. D)Labor was poorly organized.

Which of the following are reasons Max Weber believes bureaucracies are important? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. They foster specialized skills They eliminate subjective judgments by managers They provide flexibility for organizations to change They allow large organizations to perform routine activities efficiently

A)They foster specialized skills B)They eliminate subjective judgments by managers D)They allow large organizations to perform routine activities efficiently

What techniques did Taylor use to implement the scientific management approach? A)Time-and-motion studies B)Gantt charts C)PERT charts D)Hawthorne studies

A)Time-and-motion studies

According to Taylor's differential _____ system, workers were motivated by money. A)piecerate B)recognition C)administrative D)qualitative

A)piecerate

Which classical management approach emphasized a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions in the organization? A)Administrative management B)Bureaucracy C)Human relations D)Scientific management

B)Bureaucracy

Which of the following are major approaches that developed during the classical period? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Organizational behavior B)Bureaucracy C)Human relations D)Scientific management E)Systematic management F)Quantitative management

B)Bureaucracy C)Human relations D)Scientific management E)Systematic management

Which of the following are Fayol's five functions of management? (Check all that apply) Multiple select question. A)Staffing B)Commanding C)Planning D)Controlling E)Coordinating F)Organizing

B)Commanding C)Planning D)Controlling E)Coordinating F)Organizing

Why did critics suggest that Taylor's scientific management approach was not useful for managers at the senior level? A)It failed to clearly articulate the responsibilities of upper management B)It failed to account for external factors such as competition and government regulations. C)It focused more on intangible feelings rather than tangible results. D)It did not focus on internal motivations for success.

B)It failed to account for external factors such as competition and government regulations.

What effects did Frank Gilbreth's system working smarter, not harder, produce? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Increased salaries B)Lower costs C)Decreased job satisfaction D)Increased worker productivity

B)Lower costs D)Increased worker productivity

Which of the following is one of Frederick Taylor's guidelines for scientific management? A)Managers should use general guidelines rather than specific rules. B)Managers should ensure that the right person has the right job. C)Managers should have relatively few responsibilities while workers have many. D)Job descriptions and responsibilities should change from day to day depending on the manager's intuition.

B)Managers should ensure that the right person has the right job.

Which German sociologist showed how management could be more efficient and consistent by using a bureaucracy approach? A)Fredrick Taylor B)Max Weber C)Peter Senge D)Frank Gilbreth

B)Max Weber

Which of the following are the result of bureaucratic structure? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Authority resides in individuals B)Standardized jobs C)Standardized behavior through rules and regulations D)Formal network of relationships among positions

B)Standardized jobs C)Standardized behavior through rules and regulations D)Formal network of relationships among positions

Which of the following are factors of importance to the scientific management approach? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Identifying multiple ways to perform the job B)Standardizing tools C)Hiring and training proper workers D)Providing breaks to eliminate fatigue E)Using instruction cards

B)Standardizing tools C)Hiring and training proper workers D)Providing breaks to eliminate fatigue E)Using instruction cards

Which classical management approach focused on building specific procedures into operations that would ensure coordination of effort? A)Qualitative management B)Systematic management C)Scientific management D)Administrative management

B)Systematic management

Which type of management allowed managers to focus on internal issues of efficiency because of minimal government constraint on business practices? A)Scientific management B)Systematic management C)Administrative management D)Qualitative management

B)Systematic management

What were some criticisms of scientific management? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)The approach made it easier for managers to deal with broader external issues, such as government regulations and competition. B)The approach ignored some job-related social and psychological factors. C)Unions thought it was possible that managers would abuse their power. D)Production tasks were reduced to machinelike procedures that led to boredom.

B)The approach ignored some job-related social and psychological factors. C)Unions thought it was possible that managers would abuse their power. D)Production tasks were reduced to machinelike procedures that led to boredom.

Division of work, unity of command, equity, and initiative are among the fourteen principles of management defined by the ______ approach. A)human resources B)administrative C)bureaucratic D)scientific

B)administrative

Bureaucracy is a(n) ______ management approach emphasizing a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions within an organization. A)contemporary B)classical C)modern D)administrative

B)classical

Lillian Gilbreth was known as the "mother of ______ management." A)scientific B)modern C)classical D)systematic

B)modern

Fredrick Taylor's ______ system gained wide acceptance because it more closely aligned effort and reward. A)administrative B)piecerate C)time-and-motion D)bureaucratic

B)piecerate

The classical period of management ran from the mid-19th century to ______. A)the early 2000s B)the mid-1900s C)the late 1800s D)the late 1900s

B)the mid-1900s

Which management approach emphasized the perspective of senior managers within the organization and stressed that management was a profession that could be taught? A)Bureaucracy B)Systematic management C)Administrative management D)Human relations

C)Administrative management

Which classical management approach stresses the following of rules in a routine and unbiased manner to achieve efficiency and success? A)Administrative management B)Systematic management C)Bureaucracy D)Scientific management

C)Bureaucracy

How did Henry Gantt expand the piecerate system? A)By expanding the piecerate system to include office workers B)By increasing the amount of the incentive offered to employees C)By giving a bonus to frontline supervisors whose employees completed their daily tasks D)By expanding the incentive to provide shares of the company stock to workers

C)By giving a bonus to frontline supervisors whose employees completed their daily tasks

Which of the following is characteristic of systematic management? A)Managers were oriented more toward people than toward things. B)There was an emphasis on external operations. C)Managers focused on internal issues of efficiency. D)Labor was well organized.

C)Managers focused on internal issues of efficiency.

Mary Parker Follett's contributions to administrative management include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A)Promoting a unity of interests between employees and management B)Encouraging employees to act on their own in support of the organization's direction C)Recognizing the differences between motivating groups and individuals D)Acknowledging that managers desire flexibility

C)Recognizing the differences between motivating groups and individuals D)Acknowledging that managers desire flexibility

Henry Ford's factory that built the Model T is the most famous application of which classical approach to management? A)Systematic management B)Administrative management C)Scientific management D)Human relations

C)Scientific management

Which classical management approach applied scientific methods to analyze and determine the best way to complete production tasks? A)Quantitative management B)Administrative management C)Scientific management D)Systematic management

C)Scientific management

Which classical management approach involved the use of time-and-motion studies? A)Administrative management B)Systematic management C)Scientific management D)Bureaucracy

C)Scientific management

Which classical management approach is responsible for the most dramatic improvement in productivity and efficiency in manufacturing? A)Human relations management B)Administrative management C)Scientific management D)Systematic management

C)Scientific management

Which classical approach to management achieved organizational goals through specific means of gathering, handling, transmitting, and analyzing information? A)Administrative management B)Economies of scale C)Systematic management D)Bureaucracy

C)Systematic management

Which of the following statements about the first university programs to offer management and business education is true? A)The disciplines were not popular, and other business programs did not exist for another century. B)The earliest programs were available only at for-profit universities. C)The earliest programs emerged toward the end of the Industrial Revolution. D)Management and business education were not considered legitimate disciplines.

C)The earliest programs emerged toward the end of the Industrial Revolution.

According to Weber, how do bureaucracies eliminate biased treatment of workers and employees? A)All processes are completely automated by machines, so there is no variation in treatment. B)There are strong punishments in place for individuals who display bias. C)The same set of rules and processes apply to everyone. D)All interactions are anonymized to make bias less likely.

C)The same set of rules and processes apply to everyone.

Using systematic management, managers were able to focus on internal issues of ______ because of minimal government constraint on business practices. A)behavior B)quality C)efficiency D)staffing

C)efficiency

Lillian Gilbreth's ______ side of management included determining how job satisfaction motivated employees and determining how fatigue and stress affected productivity. A)administrative B)quantitative C)human D)technical

C)human

According to Taylor's differential piecerate system, it was assumed that workers were motivated by ______. A)affiliation B)recognition C)money D)fear

C)money

Fredrick Taylor introduced the classical management approach known as ______. A)systematic management B)human relations C)scientific management D)bureaucracy

C)scientific management

A classical approach that is focused on internal operations, with managers who seek to meet demand brought about by the industrial revolution, is called ______. A)scientific management B)quantitative management C)systematic management D)bureaucracy

C)systematic management

Which statement about classical and contemporary approaches to management is true? A)Only classical approaches provide tools for solving problems; contemporary approaches are less utilitarian. B)Only contemporary approaches identify real problems that managers face; classical approaches are more theoretical. C)Neither classical nor contemporary approaches help managers solve problems. D)Both classical and contemporary approaches seek to identify real issues facing managers and provide tools for solving future problems.

D)Both classical and contemporary approaches seek to identify real issues facing managers and provide tools for solving future problems.

Which of the following are the major sections of the evolution of management thought? Multiple select question. A)Post-modern B)Modern C)Post-industrial D)Classical E)Contemporary

D)Classical E)Contemporary

What is the term used to describe reductions in the average cost of a unit of production as the total volume of production increases? A)Break-even point B)Scientific management C)Total quality management D)Economies of scale

D)Economies of scale

Who introduced the scientific management approach? Multiple choice question. A)Henry Gantt B)Frank Lillian C)Max Weber D)Fredrick Taylor

D)Fredrick Taylor

What tool helps employees and managers plan projects by task and time to complete those tasks? A)Hawthorne chart B)Gilbreth diagram C)Time-and-motion studies D)Gantt chart

D)Gantt chart

Who authored the explicit and broad framework for administrative management? A)Mary Parker Follett B)Max Weber C)Fredrick Taylor D)Henri Fayol

D)Henri Fayol

Who was known as the "mother of modern management"? A)Lillian Welch Collins B)Mary Parker Follett C)Mary Peters D)Lillian Gilbreth

D)Lillian Gilbreth

Which type of management focused on internal operations because managers were attempting to meet demand generated by the Industrial Revolution? A)Sociotechnical management B)Administrative management C)Systematic management D)Scientific management

D)Systematic management

Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling are the five functions of management as defined by the ______ approach. A)bureaucratic B)scientific C)human relations D)administrative

D)administrative

Scientific management is a(n) ______ approach that applied scientific methods to analyze and determine the best way to complete production tasks. A)contemporary B)administrative C)futuristic D)classical

D)classical

The ______ period of management lasted from the mid-19th century through the early 1950s. A)contemporary B)modern C)post modern D)classical

D)classical

After businesses identified the "one best way" to perform a job, Taylor emphasized that they should ______. . A)keep the process secret to identify which workers were natural fits for the position B)encourage workers to experiment with new ways to perform the job C)develop machines to take the place of workers D)hire and train the proper worker for that job

D)hire and train the proper worker for that job

What approach was Max Weber's ideal form of management? A)Administrative management B)Scientific management C)Systematic management D)Human relations E)Bureaucracy

E)Bureaucracy

The Hawthorne studies were conducted by a team of Harvard researchers led by Fritz Roethlisberger and ______. Chester Barnard Max Weber Frank Hawthorne Elton Mayo

Elton Mayo

Which of the following are part of Fayol's fourteen principles of management? (Check all that apply) Multiple select question. Equity Authority Division of work Discipline Decentralization

Equity Authority Division of work Discipline

The ____ chart is a tool that helps employees and managers plan projects by task and time to complete those tasks.

Gantt

The _____ Studies investigated the influence of physical working conditions on a worker's productivity and efficiency in one of

Hawthorne

The ______ Studies were a series of experiments that evaluated the effects of factory lighting on employee productivity. Hawthorne Mayo Western Electric Maslow

Hawthorne

According to Chester Barnard, the role of senior management consists of which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Promote employee loyalty and longevity. Hire key individuals. Formulate the purpose of the organization. Maintain organizational communication.

Hire key individuals. Formulate the purpose of the organization. Maintain organizational communication.

Which approach emerged from a research project that began as a scientific management study? Human relations Sociotechnical management Administrative management Systematic management

Human relations

Which management approach emphasized that managers should focus on employee welfare, motivation, and communication? Systematic management Human relations Bureaucracy Administrative management

Human relations

Which management approach was the first major approach to focus on informal work relationships and employee satisfaction? Administrative management Bureaucracy Scientific management Human relations

Human relations

Human relations was the first major approach to emphasize which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Motivation Semi-autonomous work groups Informal work relationships Worker satisfaction

Informal work relationships Worker satisfaction

The human relations approach to management was influenced most significantly by which of the following other approaches? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Scientific management Administrative management Bureaucracy Systematic management Quantitative management

Scientific management Administrative management

Which of the following does Maslow consider the most advanced need? Food and water Self-actualization Shelter Recognition

Self-actualization

Rank the evolution of these contemporary approaches to management from earliest (on top) to most recent (on bottom). Organizational behavior Quantitative Management Sociotechnical Systems Systems Theory

Sociotechnical Systems Quantitative Management Organizational Behavior Systems Theory

___________management attempted to build into operations the specific procedures that would ensure coordination of effort to achieve goals.

Systematic

True or false: Abraham Maslow was a major contributor to the human relations approach to management. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Prior to the industrial revolution, most managers operated by a trial-and-error basis.

True

True or false: When workers perform and react differently because they are being observed, it is known as the Hawthorne Effect. True false question. True False

True

Which of the following are examples of the early application of management functions? (Choose every correct answer.). a)Egyptians using planning, organizing, leading, and controlling to build the great pyramids. b)Chinese applying managerial concepts of delegation, cooperation, and efficiency. c)Sun Tzu discussing accounting principles in the book The Art of War. d)Greeks recognizing management as a separate art and advocating a scientific approach.

a)Egyptians using planning, organizing, leading, and controlling to build the great pyramids. b)Chinese applying managerial concepts of delegation, cooperation, and efficiency. d)Greeks recognizing management as a separate art and advocating a scientific approach.

What contribution did the early Venetians make to the practice of management? a)Standardizing production with assembly lines and inventory controls b)Considering the role of specialization in a manufacturing setting c)Being the first to recognize management as a scientific practice d)Describing the importance of leadership in The Art of War

a)Standardizing production with assembly lines and inventory controls

Which of the following universities were the first to offer management and business education? (Choose every correct answer.) a)University of Pennsylvania b)University of North Carolina c)Yale d)Dartmouth e)Harvard

a)University of Pennsylvania d)Dartmouth

Prior to the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, most managers operated on a(n) ______ basis. a)trial-and-error b)scientific c)administrative d)qualitative

a)trial and error

As early as ______, the Sumerians were engaged in various management practices, including records management of tax receipts, real estate holdings, and lists of farm animals. Multiple choice question. a)1500 AD b)5000 BC c:1905 d:1812

b) 5000 BC

The practice of management has been around since ______. a)the 1800s b)5000 BC c)the 1900s d)the Industrial Revolution

b)5000 BC

What aspect of the Industrial Revolution spawned systematic thought about management challenges? a)Workplace diversity b)Mass production c)Unionization d)Online banking

b)mass production

Economies of scale occur when the average cost of a unit of production ______ as the total volume produced ______. a)increases; increases b)increases; decreases c)falls; increases d)falls; decreases

c)falls;increases

The approach to management that was developed in the 1930s and emphasized the interaction of social processes with the work situation was known as ______. administrative management scientific management bureaucracy human relations

human relations

The first stage of the Hawthorne studies examined the effects of ______ on productivity. diversity illumination supervision time and motion

illumination

The Hawthorne Studies concluded that employee productivity and behavior were more influenced by ______. informal work groups physical conditions factory illumination senior management

informal work groups