Chapter 2 - Data Collection Selections
Which of the following characterize random sampling techniques?
-Allows each subject the same chance of being included in the sample. -Produce a sample representative of the target population.
The ratio scale of measurement
-is the strongest or most sophisticated, of the measurement scales -uses the value zero as a meaningful value -can be used to measure cross-sectional and time series data
Samples are primarily
-looking only at selected items from a population. -used to make inferences about population parameters.
Which of the following are examples of the interval scale of measurement?
-many likert scales -a golfer's score relative to par.
Sampling, rather than surveying an entire population can offer some substantial benefits. Some of those benefits include
-saving money and time -gaining information about a population of indefinite size
Which of the following are examples of time series data?
-the monthly Consumer Confidence index for the past three years. -Average annual credit card debt over the past decade.
Which of the following are examples of cross-sectional data?
-the total hours worked last week by each employee at a factory. -last month's unemployment rate for various cities in Ohio. -the hotel bill for each guest who stayed at a Holiday Inn on March 3rd.
Sampling is necessary when it is effectively impossible to survey the entire population. Which of the following situations illustrates a situation where sampling, rather than surveying the entire population, is necessary?
A manufacturer of automobile tires wants to determine how long the tread of its tires will last.
T/F: Although non-random sampling techniques are considered less scientific than random techniques they are often used for expediency.
True
Ratio data
a type of numerical data in which the difference between numbers is significant, but there is a fixed non-arbitrary zero point associated with the data
In sampling, ______ refers to over or underestimate a population parameter of interest.
bias
data set
consists of all the values of all of the variables for all of the observations we have chosen to observe
Sample data can be characterized in different ways. Data that is collected about many subjects at the same point in time is known as ______ data
cross-sectional
Cross-Sectional Data
data collected at the same or approximately the same point in time
Time Series Data
if the value of a variable is measured at different points in time
Variable
is a characteristic of the subject or individual
Observation
is a single member of a collection of items that we want to study - a person -firm -region
Data that are expressed with meaningful numerical values is ______.
quantitative
A _____ is a subset of a population.
sample
A ______ is a numerical summary of a sample whereas a ______ is a numerical summary that describes a population.
statistics; parameters
The _____ population contains all the individuals in which one is interested.
target
Which of the following characteristics of interest is a variable?
the number of pizzas ordered from Pizza Hut per day.
Sample size is determined by the ______ in the population of interest and the desired ______ of the parameter being estimated.
variability; precision
Northern Univeristy's College of Business wants to determine the average starting salary for last year's graduates of it's COB; what is the population that the College should survey from?
All of last year's graduates from Northern's College of Business
Types of Data
Categorical (Qualitative) -Verbal label & Coded -Vehicle Type -Gender Numerical (Quantitative) -Discrete -Continuous
Match the survey types to an issues for consideration: Mail Telephone Interviews Web
Mail: Requires a well-targeted, current list of people. Telephone: Expect low response rates due to a poorly targeted list of people. Interviews: Can be expensive but results are often high-quality Web: Growing in popularity but need to be well-targeted.
______ data categorizes and ranks qualitative variables
Ordinal