Chapter 2 - HTML Basics
The ______________ is used to place a nonbreaking space on a web page.
Which tag pair configures a structural area on a web page? a. <area> </area> b. <div> </div> c. <cite> </cite> d. <strong> </strong>
B. <div> </div>
Line Break Element
Causes the browser to advance to the next line before displaying the next element or text on a web page. The line break tag is not coded as a pair of opening and closing tags. It is stand-alone, or void element, and is coded as <br>
Mark Up Languages
Consists of sets of directions that tell the browser software (and other user agents such as mobile phones) how to display and manage a web document.
What 3 kinds of lists does HTML offer.
Description lists, ordered lists, and unordered lists.
element or tag
Each individual mark up code is referred to as an element or tag. Each tag has a purpose. Tags are enclosed in angle brackets < and > symbols. Most tags come in pairs: an opening tag and a closing tag. Most tags can be modified with attributes that further describe their purpose.
Describe the origin, purpose, and features of HTML
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, using SGML. HTML is the set of markup symbols or codes places in a file intended for display on a web browser. HTML configures a platform-independent display of information. Each markup code is referred to as an element or (tag)
description list
HTML5 introduces a new element name, description list, to replace the definition list element (used in XHTML and earlier versions of HTML). A description list is useful for organization terms and their descriptions. Description lists begin with the <dl> tag and end with the </dl> tag. Each tern or name in the list begins with the <dt> tag and ends with the </dt> tag. Each description begins with the <dd> tag and ends with the </dd> tag.
Special Characters (Entity Characters)
In order to use special symbols such as quotation marks, the greater than sign (>), the less-than sign (<), and the copyright symbol in your web page document, you need to use special characters, sometimes called entity characters. Use the special character code © to display the copyright symbol.   is used to indicate multiple blank spaces page 46
Phrase elements
Indicate the context and meaning of the text between the container tags. It is up to each browser to interpret that style. Phrase elements are displayed right in line with the text (referred to as inline display) and can apply to a section of text or even just a single character of text.
Explain why it is good practice to place the e-mail address on the webpage and within the anchor tag when creating an e-mail link.
It is good practice to place the e-mail address both on the web page and within the anchor tag. Not everyone has an e-mail program configured with his or her browser. By placing the e-mail address in both places, you increase usability for all your visitors.
Describe the software needed to create and test web pages
No expensive software is required to create and code web pages. You can use a Windows or Mac text editor application that is part of the operating system. Free text editors and web browsers are also available for download.
Describe the difference between ordered lists and unordered lists
Ordered lists and unordered lists can be used to organize information on a web page. Un ordered lists display a small symbol or bullet in front of each item. Use the <ul> tag to configure an unordered list. By default, ordered lists display a sequence of numbers in from of each item. Use the <ol> tag to configure an ordered list. Configure individual items in both ordered and unordered lists using the <li> tag.
Describe the purpose of special characters
Special characters are used to display items such as quotation marks, greater than, less than, and the copyright symbol on a web page. These special characters, sometimes entity characters, are interested by the browser when the page is rendered
Describe the features of a heading element and how it configures the text
The heading element is used to display headings and subheadings of documents. The size of the heading is configured with the particular heading level used -- ranging from 1 to 6. <h1> is the largest heading. <h6> is the smallest heading. Text contained between heading tags will be displayed in a bold font and will have a line break above and below
Describe the purpose of the blockquote element
The purpose of the blockquote element is to format a long quotation by indenting a section of text on a web page. Empty space is placed above and below the text contained in the blockquote element. The text is indented from both the left and right margins.
main element
The purpose of the main element is to contain the main content of a web page document. There should only be one main element per web page. The block display main element begins with the <main> tag and ends with the </main> tag.
Describe when to use a relative link. Is the http protocol used in the href value?
Use a relative link to display a web page document form your website. The http protocol is not used in the href value.
Describe when to use an absolute link. Is the http protocol used in the href value?
Use an absolute link to display a web page document from a website other than your own. The http protocol is used in the href value. Example: <a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a>
Anchor Element
Use the Anchor element to specific a hyperlink, often referred to as a link, to another web page or file that you want to display. Each anchor element begins with an <a> tag and need with a </a> tag. The opening and closing anchor tags surround the text to clink to perform the hyperlink. Use the href attribute to configure the hyperlink reference, which identifies the name and location of the file to access.
left alignment
Web pages are aligned to the left as a default.
Relative Hyperlinks
When you need to link to webpages within your site
Which tag pair is used to create the largest heading? a. <h1> </h1> b. <h9> </h9> c. <h type="largest"> </h> d. <h6> </h6>
a. <h1></h1>
heading elements
are organized into six levels: h1 through h6. The text contained within a heading element is rendered as a "block" of text by the browser (referred to as block display) and displays with empty space (sometimes called "white space") above and below.
Paragraph elements
are used to group sentences and sections of text together. Text that is contained by <p> and </p> tags display as a "block" (referred to as block display) and will appear with empty space above and below it.
What does an e-mail link do? a. automatically send you an e-mail message with the visitor's e-mail address as the reply-to-field b. Launches the default e-mail application for the visitor's browser, with your e-mail address as the recipient c. displays your e-mail address so that the visitor can send you a message later d. links to your mail server
b. Launches the default e-mail application for the visitor's browser, with your e-mail address as the recipient
Which of the following is an HTML5 element used to indicate navigational content? a. Main b. Nav c. Header d. a
b. Nav
What is the default horizontal alignment for elements on a web page? a. center b. left c. right d. wherever you type them in the source code
b. left
Which type of HTML list will automatically number the items for you? a. numbered list b. ordered list c. unordered list d. definition list
b. ordered list
Which tag is used to link web pages to each other? a. <link> </link> b. <hyperlink> </hyperlink> c. <a> </a> d. <body> </body>
c. <a></a>
Which tag configures the next element or portion of text to display on a new line? a. <line> b. <nl> c. <br> d. <new>
c. <br>
When do you need to use a fully qualified URL in a hyperlink? a. always b. when linking to a web page file on the same site c. when linking to a web page file on an external site d. never
c. When linking to a web page file on an external site
type attribute
configures the symbol used for ordering the list. For example, to create an ordered list organized by uppercase letters, use <ol type="A">
Title Element
configures the text that will appear in the title bar of the browser window. The text between <title> and </title> tags is called the title of the web page and is accessed when web pages are book marked and printed.
blockquote element
is used to display a block of quoted text in a spacial way - indented from both the left and right margins. A block of indented text begins with a <blockquote> tag and ends with a </blockquote> tag.
Start Attribute
is useful when you need a list to begin with an integer value other than 1 (for example, start="10"). Use the new HTML5 reversed attribute (set reversed="reversed") to configure the list markers to display in descending order.
site map
represents the structure, or organization, or pages in a website in a visual manner.
______ can be used to display characters such as the copyright symbol
special characters
Use the _______ element to configure text to have strong importance and display in a bold font weight.
strong
footer element
the purpose of the footer element is to contain the footer content of a web page or section of a web page. The block display footer element begins with the <footer> tag and ends with the </footer> tag
nav element
the purpose of the nav element is to contain a section of navigation links. The block display nav element begins with the <nav> tag and ends with the </nav> tag.
Document Type Definition (DTD)
The DTD identifies the version of HTML contained in your document. Browsers and HTML code validators can use the information in the DTD when processing the web page. The DTD statement, commonly called doctype statement, is the first line of a web page document.
What do the Head and Body Section contain?
The Head Section contains information that describes the web page document. The Body Section contains the actual tags, text, images, and other objects that are displayed by the browser as web page.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
The World Wide Web is composed of files containing HTML and other markup languages that describe webpages. Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML using Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). SGML prescribes a standard format for embedding descriptive markup within a document and for describing the structure of a document. HTML is the set of markup symbols or codes placed in a file that is intended for display on a web page. These markup symbols and codes identify structural elements such as paragraphs, headings, and lists. HTML can also be used to place media on a web page and describe fill-in forms.
Describe the purpose of the head and body sections of a web page
The head section is located between the <head> and </head> tags on a web page. This area is used to contain information that describes the web page, such as the title of the page that will display in the menu bar of the browser window. The body section is located between the <body> and </body> tags. This area is used to code text and tags that show directly in the browser's display of the web page. The purpose of the body section is to describe the contents of the web page.
Which of the following is a reason that the text contained by the title tag should be descriptive and include the name of the business or organization? a. The tile is saved by default when a visitor bookmarks a webpage b. The tile may be printed when a visitor prints a web page c. The title may be listed in search engine results d. All of the above are reasons that the text contained by the title tag should be descriptive and include the name of the business and organization.
d. All of the above are reasons that the text contained by the title tag should be descriptive and include the name of the business and organization.
the <meta> tag can be used to ___________
describe a characteristic of a web page, such as the character encoding
meta element
describes a characteristic of a web page, such as the character encoding. Character encoding is the internal representation of letters, numbers, and symbols in a file such as a web page or other file that is stored on a computer and may be transmitted over the Internet.
ordered list
display a numbering or lettering system to itemize the information contained in the list. Ordered lists can be organized by the use or numerals (the default), uppercase letters, lowercase letters, uppercase Roman numerals, and lowercase Roman numerals. Ordered lists begin with an <ol> tag and end with an </ol> tag. Each list item begins with an <li> tag and ends with an </li? tag.
unordered list
displays a bullet, or list marker, before each entry in the list. This bullet can be one of several types: disc (the default), square, and circle. Unordered lists begin with a <ul> tag and end with a </ul> tag. Each list item begins with an <li> tag and ends with an </li> tag.
XHTML
eXtensible HypterText Markup Language (XHTML) uses the tags and attributes of HTML4 along with the syntax of XML.
Use the __________ element to configure text to be emphasized and displayed in an italic font style
em
div element
has been used for many years to configure a generic structural area or "division" on a web page as a block display with empty space above and below. A div element begins with a <div> tag and ends with a </div> tag. Use a div element when you need to format an area of a web page that may contain other block display elements such as headings, paragraphs, unordered lists, and even other div elements.
Absolute hyperlinks
indicates the absolute location of a resource on the web. Use absolute hyperlinks when you need to link to resources on other websites.
HTML5
is the successor to HTML4 and replaces XHTML. HTML5 incorporates features of both HTML and XHTML, adds new elements of its own, provides new features such as form edits and native video, and is intended to be backwards compatible.
attribute
is to modify the properties of an HTML element. The Align Attribute modifies the element's horizontal alignment (left, center, or right) on a web page.
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
was developed by the W3C to create common information formats and share the format and the information on the web. It is a text-based syntax designed to describe, deliver, and exchange structured information, such as RSS feeds. XML is not intended to replace HTML, but to extend the power of HTML by separating data from presentation. Using XML, developers can create any tags they need to describe their information.
