Chapter 2 - Lesson 1 - Cells and Life

There are four types of macromolecules in cells

nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

Name the basic substances that make up a cell.

nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

Carbohydrate

one sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules

Identify two macromolecules whose function is to provide support to a cell

proteins and carbohydrates

examples of carbohydrates

sugars and starches: store energy Fruits contain sugars Breads and pastas are mostly starch

Why do the nucleis acids are important in cells?

they are important because they contain genetic information that can pass from parents to offspring

Explain why are lipids important to cells?

they protect cells, store energy, and help with cell communication.

Explain why are carbohydrates important to cells?

they store energy, provide structural support for cells, and help cells communicate

I can be able to explain molecules

a molecule is the smallest part of a molecular compound. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds.

Name three instructions that DNA provides to a cell.

cell growths, cell reproduction, and cell processes that enable a cell to respond to its environment

Lipid

is a large macromolucule that does not dissolve in water

What information provides the periodic table of elements?

it provides information about each element including its mass, how many protons it has, and its symbol.

RNA contains instructions for

joining amino acids together

Macromolecule

a substance that forms by joining many small molecules together. They cannot function without one of the most important substance in cells, water

I can explain the three statements of the Cell Theory

1. All living organisms are made of one or more cells, 2. the cell is the smallest unit of life, and; 3. all new cells come from cells that already exist.

I can explain the different discoveries that conclude with the cell theory

1. Theodore Schwann: By studying animals, he determined that all living things are made of one or more cells. 2. Rudolf Virchow: All new cells come from cells that already exist. 3. Matthias Schleiden: By studying plants, he determined that all living things are made of one or more cells. The observations made by this three scientists were combined into one theory (cell theory)

What are the two types of compounds?

1. molecular compounds 2. ionic compounds.

Identify the functions of proteins in cells

1. proteins help cells communicate with other cells. 2. Other proteins move substances around inside cells 3. Some proteins, such as amylase in saliva help break down nutrients in food 4. Other proteins, such as keratin, which is found in hair, horns, and feathers, provide structural support

Two areas of a water molecule

An area that is more negative (-), called the negative end, can attract the positive part of another substance. An area that is more positive (+), called the positive end, can attract the negative part of another substance.

I can explain atoms and subatomic particles

At the center of an atom is a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons. Although they have nearly equal masses, a proton has a positive charge and a neutron has no charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons, each of which has a negative charge. Electrons are the part of the atom that is involved in chemical reactions An atom is mostly empty space. Energy holds the parts of an atom together.

I can be able to explain ions and ionic compounds

Atoms also combine because they've become positively or negatively charged. Atoms are usually neutral—they have no overall electric charge. When an atom loses an electron, it has more protons than electrons, so it becomes positively charged.

Why is the order of nucleotides in DNA and RNA important?

Because it can change the genetic information in a cell

Examples of lipids

Cholesterol phospholipids and vitamin A

I can be able to explain molecular compounds

Compounds are made up of two or more elements in exact proportions. For example, pure water is always made up of hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen atoms in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom.

What is used to make RNA?

DNA

I can be able to understand the characteristic of the molecule of water

In a water molecule, each hydrogen atom forms a single covalent bond with the oxygen atom.

How is the attraction of water molecules similar to the attraction of magnets?

Like magnets, water molecules have a positive end and a negative end, which can attract the opposite charge.

I can explain the matter and energy

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Energy is anything that brings about change. Everything in your environment, including you, is made of matter. Energy can hold matter together or break it apart

I can explain the importance of the discovery of the cell

More than 300 years ago, an English scientist named Robert Hooke built a microscope. He used it to look at cork, which is part of a cork oak tree's bark. What he saw looked like the openings in a honeycomb. The openings remind him of the small rooms, called cells, where monks lived. He called the structure cells, from the Latin word cellula, which means NOT SURE

What is used to make proteins?

RNA

How scientists understanding of cells developed?

Scientists made better microscopes, which helped them observe individual cells and structures inside cells.

Which part of the salt crystal is attracted to the oxygen in the water molecule?

Sodium

How does the water surrounding your cells help your body?

The water surrounding your cells helps to insulate your body, which maintain a stable internal environment, or homeostasis.

What is the main ingredient in any cell?

Water. It makes up more than 70 percent of a cell's volume and is essential for life Water also surrounds cells.

I can explain what is an element

When something is made up of only one kind of atom, it is called an element. An element can't be broken down into a simpler form by chemical reactions. Scientists have given each element its own one- or two-letter symbol. All elements are arranged in a chart known as the periodic table of elements.

Protein

a long chains of amino acid molecules. Cells contain hundreds of proteins

nucleic acid

a macromolecule that forms when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together