Chapter 2 module

A DNA molecule consists of two polynucleotide strands hydrogen bonded to each other. The hydrogen bonding is very specific. Which of the following nitrogenous bases will form complementary base pairs in DNA?

adenine and thymine

Proteins differ from carbohydrates because proteins __________.

always contain nitrogen

Proteins are composed of subunits called __________.

amino acids

A carbohydrate molecule is made up of __________.

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

A molecule that is hydrophobic __________.

could be a fat or an oil

Which of the following is not a lipid?

deoxyribonucleic acid

Carbohydrates are very important to the body because they serve as primary sources of __________.

energy

Organic catalysts made by a living cell to increase the rates of reactions are called __________.

enzymes

Which type of protein generally forms extended sheets or strands and usually plays a structural role in cells?

fibrous protein

After a meal, our bodies will store carbohydrates in the liver and skeletal muscle cells. These stored carbohydrates are stored in the form of __________.

glycogen

The continuous removal and replacement of organic molecules in a cell are part of the process of __________.

metabolic turnover

The type of bond that holds amino acids together in a chain is called a(n) __________.

peptide bond

Which of the following is not a carbohydrate?

polypeptide

Certain types of fats are modified fatty acids that coordinate and direct local cellular activities. These important regulatory chemicals are called __________.

prostaglandins

Which of the following categories of lipids function as hormones?

steroids

1. Compared with other major organic compounds, nucleic acids are unique because they __________.

store and process information at the molecular level

The reaction involved in joining two simple sugars together to form a disaccharide requires __________.

the removal of water to create a more complex molecule

Which of the following nucleic acids determines our inherited characteristics and contains the genetic code for all cells in an organism?

DNA

Comparing the structure and functions of DNA and RNA, which of the following statements is most accurate?

DNA copies itself as RNA and this copy is actually used to build specific proteins.

What happens to an enzyme that is subjected to extremely high temperatures?

It becomes denatured.

Why does the hemoglobin molecule qualify as a quaternary protein structure?

It has four interacting globular subunits.

Why are lipid deposits important as energy reserves?

Lipids provide twice as much energy as carbohydrates.

Which of the following functions is NOT a usual function of proteins in our body?

Energy reserve

What is the most important high-energy compound found in the human body?

ATP

Which of the following molecules is a compound containing bonds between phosphate groups?

ATP

What is the primary function of monosaccharides such as glucose?

They are used as a metabolic fuel to supply energy for the body.

Which type of lipid provides the energy reserve that is stored in our bodies?

Triglycerides or neutral fats