Chapter 2: Nutrition

What are proteins?

(20) polymers of amino acids

A lot was covered in Linda's appointment at the student health center. In addition to health concerns, the nurse chose to also address the issue of Linda not having food on a consistent basis, let alone healthy food. This would put Linda at an increased risk for several health problems. Which nutrition concept does this exemplify?

- Food is a basic need for humans. - Foods provide energy (calories), nutrients and other substances needed for growth and health. - Poor nutrition can influence the development of certain chronic and other diseases. - Poor nutrition can result from both inadequate and excessive levels of nutrient intake. - Some groups of people are at higher risk of becoming malnourished than others.

What is the ninth concept of nutrition?

- adequacy, variety, and balance are key characteristics of a healthful diet.

What are some consequences of food insecurity?

- food based assistance - national school lunch & breakfast programs - privately funded programs - food recovery programs

What is the first concept of nutrition?

- food is a basic need of humans - food security - food insecurity

What is the three concept of nutrition?

- health problems related to nutrition originate within cells - growth and health takes place within the cell and the fluid surrounding them - functions are maintained by the nutrients it receives - problems arise when a cell's need for nutrients differs from the available supply

What is the fifth concept of nutrition?

- humans have adaptive mechanisms for managing fluctuations in nutrient intake. (Some nutrients are stored for later use: Glucose, Fat, Iron, Calcium, Vitamin A, B12 The body has a low storage capacity for some nutrients Vitamin C, Water)

What is the sixth concept of nutrition?

- malnutrition can result from poor diets and from disease states, genetic factors, or combinations of these factors.

What is the eigth concept of nutrition?

- poor nutrition can influence the development of certain chronic diseases.

What is the fourth concept of nutrition?

- poor nutrition can result from both inadequate and excessive levels of nutrients intake

What is the seventh concept of nutrition?

- some groups of people are at higher risk of becoming inadequately nourished than others.

What is the tenth concept of nutrition?

- there are no "good" or "bad" foods. (All foods can fit into a healthful diet, as long as nutrient needs are being met at caloric levels that maintain a healthful body weight)

Food insecurity exists in approximately _____% of US households.

14

Linda's story shows that certain groups of people are at higher risk for becoming malnourished that others. Which of the following does NOT put Linda at higher risk for malnutrition?

19 years old

In addition to iron rich prenatal vitamins, the nurse gave Linda information on food to eat to help with iron deficiency anemia, what concept was she demonstrating?

Foods provide energy (calories), nutrients and other substances needed for growth and health.

What is a nonessential nutrient?

It can be created by the body and doesn't need to be included in the diet

At her one week follow up appointment with the student health center, Linda said she had been grocery shopping with her parents over the weekend. Her mom showed her that soda and orange juice were both the same price and calories per serving, but the orange juice had vitamins, including vitamin C that her iron handout mentioned helped with iron absorption. Linda chose the orange juice for its nutrition. In this case, the orange juice was what kind of food?

Nutrient-Dense Food

What are nutrients?

a chemical substance in food that are used by the body for growth and health

The body is unable to store excess ____ for very long.

amino acids

The science of nutrition is best described as _____.

an interdisciplinary subject

Knowledge of how food preferences develop and change is obtained by _____ studies.

behavioral and social science

Nutrition encompasses _____.

biological processes impacted by food, the effects of diet on health, and food choices

What are essential nutrients?

cannot be made by the human body so we must get these from our diet

The energy nutrients include _____.

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

What are the 6 categories of nutrients?

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

When nutrient needs aren't met but calorie intake is too high: What does this indicate about the diet?

energy dense foods

A diet deficient in an essential nutrient leads to death as soon as the nutrient is not in the diet.

false

All energy-dense foods are full of empty calories.

false

Calories are a component in food that qualify as a nutrient.

false

Individual responses to nutrition are purely objective.

false

Malnutrition always indicates inadequate access to calories and nutrients.

false

Metabolism refers only to those chemical reactions that occur in the stomach.

false

Nutrition is the study of caloric intake as compared to need.

false

Nutritional knowledge is a purely theoretic set of information.

false

Regardless of the type of food, consuming more calories than you burn will lead to weight loss.

false

What is the second concept of nutrition?

foods provide energy (calories), nutrients, and other substances needed for growth and health

Malnutrition is most likely to be a result of _____.

genetic and disease factors

What are food deserts?

geographic areas with limited access to affordable , healthy, food

The Recommended Dietary Allowances were developed for use in _____.

healthy persons

What is sequence?

inadequate dietary intake, depletion of tissue stores of the nutrient decreased blood levels of the nutrient available to cells, impaired cellular functions, physical signs and symptoms of deficiency, long term impairment of health

What is food insecurity?

income, ethnicity, family structure, location of home

One side effect of increasing exercise is

increased appetite

A diet deficient in vitamin A will eventually lead to _____.

loss of vision

A _____ carbon footprint from food production _____ food security.

low; increases

A healthy diet includes _____ foods.

many different nutrient-dense

Chemical changes that take place within and outside of cells are collectively referred to as _____.

metabolism

An essential nutrient is defined as one that _____.

must be obtained through the diet

Diets high in _____ are related to the development of hypertension.

salt

What are fats?

saturated/unsaturated, essential fatty acids, and trans fats/cholesterol

What are carbs?

simple sugars, complex carbohydrates, and fibers

What is the definition of nutrition?

the study of foods, their nutrients and other chemical constituents and the effects that food constituents have on health

Food insecure households are more likely to have poor-quality diets.

true

In cases of widespread food shortages, the health of infants and developing fetuses is compromised the most.

true

In the grocery case scenario, the soda was an empty calorie beverage and the orange juice was a nutrient dense beverage, while both were energy dense beverage.

true

Linda's low iron levels could lead to the development of health problems for her and baby.

true

Long-term food security is enhanced by low carbon footprint agricultural methods.

true

Nutrients are used by the body to sustain health.

true

Nutrition is an interdisciplinary science.

true

The Recommended Dietary Allowances were first developed during World War II.

true

The body will adapt to a reduced intake of calories by eventually lowering energy expenditures.

true

A person can individually apply nutritional knowledge to _____.

understand comfort food choices and choose a weight loss diet

What are calories?

unit of measure of the amount of energy supplied by food

What are nutrients that don't provide energy?

vitamins, minerals, and water

The consumption of too much protein in the diet when calorie intake is balanced with expenditure may lead to _____.

worsening of kidney disease