Chapter 2 Planning

goal

(Important)Through planning, managers coordinate organizational activities so that the___s of the organization can be achieved.

customer

(Important)To ensure that the appropriate products and services are offered to its ___s.

organizational evaluation

The individuals who contribute most to the attainment of organizational goals should be considered the most productive organization members. Guide for ___ ___.

Rules

provide detailed and specific guidelines for action.

planning process

1. Stating organizational objectives 2. Listing alternative ways of reaching objectives 3. Developing premises upon which each alternative is based. 4. Choosing best alternative for reaching objectives 5. Developing plants to pursue chosen alternative 6. Putting plan into action. Step in ___ ___

participatory work environment

1. Successful planning requires the participation of a wide range of organizational members. 2. The organization benefits by having access to a broad base of experience and knowledge in the planning process.

strategy

A broad and general plan developed to reach long term objectives

Programs

A comprehensive set of activities that are designed to accomplish a set of goals.

Better coordination

A plan helps to define the responsibilities of individuals and work groups and helps coordinate their activities.

process

A strategic plan is the output of the strategic planning ___. -Duration (5-10 years) -By top management -Whole organization

mission statement

A written document developed by management, normally based on input by managers as well as non- managers, that describes and explains what the mission of an organization actually is

Organizational Objective(s)

Are the formal targets of the organization and are set to help the organization accomplish its purpose.

Individual Objective(s)

Are the personal goals each organization member would like to reach through activity with in organization. These objectives include high salary, personal growth and recognition.

Resistance

Barriers to effective planning -Demands on the leader's time -Uncertain operating environments -___ to change

busy

Demand's on the manager's time. -some managers may simply to ___ to take time to plan properly

Standing plan(s)

Designed to deal with organizational issues or problems that recur frequently. They include policies, procedures and rules

single-use plan(s)

Developed to address a specific organizational situation that typically do not recur. They include programs, projects and budgets

training

Encourage Strategic Thinking -Effective strategic thinking can be developed through ___ and practice.

plan

Fail to ___ is fail to plan.

operational planning

Focuses on determining the day to day activities that are necessary to achieve the long-term of organization goals. -Duration are day-to-day activities up to 1 year -By first line management

policies

General guidelines for decision-making within the organization.

essential

Involve Employees in Decision Making -Input from all levels of a firm is ___ for successful planning.

operational

Level of planning or types of organization plans are strategic planning, functional planning and ___ planning.

organizational effeciency

Managers must have a clear understanding of organizational goal, only then they will able to use the limited resources as efficiency as possible. Guide for ___ ___.

failure

Managers resistance to plan : -Fear of ___ - be blamed for being a poor decision-maker.

environment

Managers resistance to plan : -Insufficient knowledge of ___ - only knows internal not external environment may confuse manager.

confidence

Managers resistance to plan : -Lack of ___ - difficult to change their management and leadership style.

knowledge

Managers resistance to plan : -Lack of ___ - new goals will conflicting with the one that they are used.

foundation

Most Effective Control System - An organization's plan provides a ___ for control of the processes and progress of the company.

evaluated

Most Effective Control System -The implementation of the plan can be ___ and progress toward the achievement of performance objectives can be monitored

control

Most Effective Control System -___s provide mechanism for ensuring that the organization is moving in the right direction and making progress toward achieve its goals.

decision making

Once managers grasp organizational objectives, they know what is best decision and direction in which the organization must move. guide for ___ ___.

specific

Operational plans are more ___, address shorter-term issues, and are formulated by mid- and lower-level managers who are responsible for the work groups in the organization.

Single-use

Operational plans can be categorized as: Standing, or ___ plans

organizational consistency

Organization members often need work-related directives. The organizational objectives will serve a guide to consistent encouragement of productive activity, quality decision-making, and effective planning. Guide for ___ ___.

human

Organization mission is important because existence of organization mission helps management focus ___ effort in a common direction.

guideline

Organization mission is important because gives managers general but useful ___s about how resources should be used to best accomplish organizational purpose.

broad

Organization mission is important because help management define ___ but important job areas within an organization and critical job that must be accomplish.

mind

Organization mission is important because helps managers keep these targets in ___ as they make decisions.

probability

Organization mission is important because it helps management increase the ___ that the organization will be successful.

rationale

Organization mission is important because serves as a sound ___ for allocating resources

major

Organization mission is important because the mission makes explicit(clear) the ___ targets the organization is trying to reach.

guide

Organizational objectives are important to ___ for decision making, organizational efficiency, organizational consistency and organizational evaluation.

manager

Overcoming Barriers to Planning for ___ -Develop and improved communication system -Develop program that enable them to establish contact with the various department. -Training and managers' development program -Training skills that enable them to increase their knowledge and skills. -Recognition and reward -Provide support, give recognition and rewards for accomplishment of tasks among managers.

employee

Overcoming Barriers to Planning for ___ Allow employees involved in planning process Give detailed information about the plans Plans and changes must guaranty that none of the employees will be affected.

functional planning

Plans that specify the details of how an overall organization's objectives are to be achieved. -Duration up to 5 years -By middle level of management for departmental level.

job

Resistance to change -Organizational members may associate planning with a need to change the way they do their ___.

forward thinking

The planning function forces managers to think ahead and consider resource needs and potential opportunities or threats that the organization may face in the future. Focus on ___ ___.

strategic planning

The process by which an organization makes decisions and takes actions that affect its long-run performance.

planning

The process of outlining the activities that are necessary to achieve the goals of the organization.

move

The purpose of strategic planning is to ___ the organization from where it is to where it wants to be.

overcome

To ___ the barriers of planning. -Involve Employees in Decision Making -Tolerate a Diversity of Views -Encourage Strategic Thinking

purpose

To ensure that the organization is both effective and efficient in its activities is the ___ of planning.

assessment

Tolerate a Diversity of Views -Diverse views lead to a broader ___ of organizational problems and opportunities.

uncertainty

Uncertain in operating environment -Managers who are uncomfortable with ambiguity may find it difficult to plan under conditions of ___

Objective

___ can be organizational objectives and individual objectives.

Developing

___ mission statement. The mission is expressed in writing to ensure that all organization member will have easy access to it and thoroughly understand exactly what organization is trying to accomplish.

benefit

___s of planning are better coordination, focus on forward thinking, participatory work environment and more effective control system.

Projects

direct the efforts of individuals or work groups toward the achievement of specific objectives/goals.

Procedures

more specific and are designed to give explicit instructions on how to complete a recurring task.

Budgets

specify how financial resources should be allocated.

guidance

(Important)Gives ___ and direction to the members of the organization as to their role in delivering those products and services.

foundation

(Important)Planning provide a ___ for all organizational activities.