Chapter 2 Questions
Of the three forms of carbon, which one is composed of 60 carbon atoms and resembles a geodesic dome?
Buckminsterfullerene
Which statement about isotopes are correct?
All isotopes of a given element typically have the same chemical properties. Some isotopes of an element may be radioactive, whereas others may be stable.
Which of the following elements are main group elements?
C Pb Ca
A particular CI atom has a mass number of 37. Which statements about the atom are correct: It has an atomic number of 17 It contains 37 protons It contains 37 neutrons It contains 20 neutrons
It has an atomic number of 17. It contains 20 neutrons
Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing size; i.e., with the largest at the top of the list.
K Ca As Br
Match each series of elements with its description.
K, Ca, C--Main group elements Au, Ti, W--Transition Metals Ce, U, Pu--Inner transition metals
Carbon-12 and carbon-13 are considered isotopes because ____
They contain the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons.
In the periodic table, the atomic weight of an element is located ____ its elemental symbol.
below
Radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for both ___ and ____ purposes.
diagnostic and therapeutic
Radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for both ____ and _____ purposes.
diagnostic and therapeutic
An element at the top of a group in the periodic table will have a ______ ionization energy than an element farther down the group.
higher
Atomic size ____ as one moves from top to bottom in a group.
increases
As atomic size decreases, ionization energy ____, since the electrons are ____ the protons in the nucleus.
increases; closer to
The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outer edge of the valence shell is known as its atomic _____?
radius
Nonmetals are _____.
poor conductors of heat
The Li-7 isotope has ____ neutrons?
4
Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar electronic and chemical properties.
Group
Which two of the subatomic particles have similar mass?
Proton and neutron
Which elements of the periodic table are defined as main group elements?
The elements of groups 1A through 8A
The dots of an atom's electron dot symbol represent its ____ electrons.
valence
The alkali metal sodium will react violently with ___ to form a basic solution.
water
Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing atomic size; i.e., beginning with the largest.
Mg Al Si Ci
In addition to C, H, and O, which other element is contained in all proteins and nucleic acids?
Nitrogen
Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing ionization energy; i.el, placing the element with the highest ionization energy at the top. Te Se S O
O S Se Te
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by a ____ process.
Chemical
Which of the halogens exist as gases at room temperature? Select all that apply. Bromine Iodine Chlorine Fluorine
Chlorine and Fluorine
Match each subatomic particle with its charge description.
Proton--Positively charged Particles Electron--Negatively charged Particles Neutron--Uncharged particles
Match each subatomic particle with its description
Proton-Charged particle residing in the nucleus. Electron-Charged particle residing outside the nucleus. Neutron-Uncharged particle residing in the nucleus.
An element located in the center of the periodic table would be classified as _____.
a metal
A compound is a substance that is made up of ____.
more than one type of atom
Which of the following symbols of subatomic particles are correct? n n+ p e- p-
n p e-
The n=1 shell contains ___subshell, and has a total capacity of ___ electrons?
one; two
A region of space in an atom where the probability of finding an electron is high is known as a _______?
orbital
Which major minerals occur in proteins?
sulfur, magnesium
Arrange the subshells below in the order in which they fill in the periodic table, beginning with the first.
3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Arrange the electron subshells below in decreasing energy, i.e., with the highest energy subshell first.
4f 4d 4p 4s
How many atoms are contained in the chemical formula, Al2(P04)3?
17 atoms: two aluminums, three phosphorous, and twelve oxygens
An element is defined as
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction.
Which elemental symbol is correctly identified?
Br. is the symbol for bromine
Which of the following substances are not compounds?
C^60 0^3
Which of the following elements are main group elements? Ca Pu Cr Fe C Pb
Ca C Pb
Which of the following substances are compounds?
CaF^2 NO
Which of the following elements are present in teeth and bones?
Calcium and Phosphorus
Which of the following statement is correct?
Calcium is a alkaline earth metal
The atomic weight of an element is determined by ____.
Calculating a weighted average in which the products of all the isotopic masses and their respective abundances are added together.
Match each element with its block in the periodic table.
Carbon--p block Magnesium--s block Cerium--f block Copper--d block
Which statements correctly describe the way in which electrons exist in an atom? Select all that apply.
Electrons have the highest probability of being found in specific regions of space known as orbitals. Electrons occupy quantized energy levels.
Arrange the following elements in order of increasing size; i.e., with the smallest at the top of the list Br CI I F
F CI Br I
Match each structural feature of the periodic table with its definition. Group and Period A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table? A vertical column of elements in the periodic table?
Group-A vertical column of elements in the periodic table. Period-A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
Metals are typically shiny in appearance, and are good conductors of both ______ and _____.
Heat and electricity
Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing ionization energy; i.e., placing the element with the lowest ionization energy at the top. Te In Rb Sr
Rh Sr In Te
Match each subshell with the maximum number of electrons it can contain at a given principal energy level.
S--2 P--6 D--10 F--14
Which elements would be expected to have chemical properties similar to lithium?
Sodium and Potassium
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the electron shell n=4? The n=4 shell can contain up to 32 electrons The n=4 shell is lower in energy than the n=2 shell The n=4 shell contains four subshells
The n=4 shell is lower in energy than the n=2 shell.
Describe the nucleus of an atom?
The nucleus is the dense core containing protons and neutrons. Most of the mass of the atom resides there.
Why does atomic size decrease from left to right across a row of the periodic table?
The number or protons in the nucleus increases, pulling the valance electrons closer.
Which of the following statements about the relative energies of electron subshells are correct?
The p subshell is lower in energy than the d subshell at a given energy level. The s subshell is lower in energy than the p subshell at a given energy level.
The correct electron-dot symbol for iodine contains which of the following? No unpaired electrons Two electron pairs Four electron pairs Three electron pairs One unpaired electron
Three unpaired electrons One electron pair
The maximum number of electrons that an orbital can hold is ____.
Two
The term isotope describes _____.
Two or more atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom are known as the _____ electrons.
Valence
Which statement correctly describes the trend in ionization energy within a group?
Within a group, ionization energy increases from bottom to top.
The noble gas notation for the electron configuration of silicon is? [Ar] 3s^2 3p^2 [He] 2s^2 2p^2 [Ne]3s^2 3p^2
[Ne]3s^2 3p^2
Electrons in an atom do not move freely; rather they occupy quantized ___ levels.
energy
Electrons in an atom do not move freely; rather they occupy quantized ____ levels.
energy
Elements in the same ____ of the periodic table have similar electronic and chemical peroerties.
group
The ionization energies of the elements_____as you move from left to right across a period.
increases
ionization energy is the energy required to ____?
remove an electron from an atom
