Chapter 2 Questions

Which of the following statements is true? A. Acids and bases cannot mix together B. Acids and bases will neutralize each other C. Acids, but not bases, can change the pH of a solution D. Acids donate hydroxide ions (OH-); bases donate hydrogen ions (H+)

Acids and bases will neutralize each other

Why can some insects walk on water?

Because they do not break the surface tension of the water

What preperty of carbon makes it essential for organic life?

Carbon is unique and found in all livings things because it can form up to four covalent bonds between atoms or molecules.

Why are hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions necessary for cells?

Hydrogen bonds are also responsible for zipping together the DNA double helix. The van der Waals interactions - along with ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds - contribute to the three-dimensional structure of the proteins in our cells that is necessary for their proper function

What makes ionic bonds different from covalent bonds?

Ionic bonds result when electrons are TRANSFERRED between atoms. Covalent bonds result when valence electrons are SHARED between atoms

Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called ________. A. Ions B. Neutrons C. Neutral Atoms D. Isotopes

Isotopes

Discuss how buffers help prevent drastic swings in pH

They readily absorb excess H+ or Oh-

Which of the following statements is false? A. Molecules with the formulas CH3CH2COOH and C3H6O2 could be structural isomers B. Molecules must have a double bond to be cis-trans isomers C. To be enantiomers, a molecule must have at least three different atoms or groups connected to a central carbon D. To be enantiomers, a molecule must have at least four different atoms or groups connected to a central carbon

To be enantiomers, a molecule must have at least three different atoms or groups connected to a central carbon

Which of the following statements is not true? A. Water is polar B. Water stabilizes temperature C. Water is essential for life D. Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth's atmosphere

Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth's atmosphere

A molecule that binds up excess hydrogen ions in a solution is called a(n) ____________. A. acid B. isotope C. base D. donator

base

Each carbon molecule can bond with as many as ________ other atom(s) or molecule(s). A. one B. two C. six D. four

four

When acids are added to a solution, the pH should ______. A. decrease B. increase C. stay the same D. cannot tell without testing

increase

Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated triglycerides

saturated triglycerides contain no double bonds between carbon atoms; they are usually solid at room temperature. Unsaturated contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms and are usually liquid at room temperature.

Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration? A. shells 1 and 2 are full, and shell 3 has nine electrons B. shells 1, 2, and 3 are full and shell 4 has three electrons C. shells 1, 2, and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron D. shells 1, 2, and 3 are full and no other electrons are present

shells 1, 2, and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron

Which of the following is not a functional group that can bond with carbon? A. sodium B. Hydroxyl C. Phosphate D. carbonyl

sodium

If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have? A. 54 B. 27 C. 100 D. 108

54

How many neutrons do carbon-12 and carbon-13 have respectively?

6 and 7

Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond? A. Hydrogen Bond B. Atomic Bond C. Covalent Bond D. Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Hydrogen Bond