Chapter 2 Reformation of Europe

Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon because what reason?

Because he wanted a male child and she only gave him a female child.

Why did Luther object to the selling of indulgences?

Because it didn't fix what you did, wasn't stated in the Bible, and was used for money. It also was just a feeling that soothed the conscience and it was unholy.

Pope Paul III led papal reform by doing what?

Called the Council of Trent and made a Reform Commision to determine the churches ills.

Why did Calvinism become an important form of Protestantism by the mid-16th Century?

Calvinism became an important form of Protestantism because they belived in doing active work for God on Earth. They were determined to spread there faith to others which really helped the growth of Protestantism. Missionaries also went to all parts of Europe to inform as well.

The Council of Trent is a key element of what movement?

Catholic Reformation,

How were the goals of Charles and the Holy Roman Empire at odds with the desires of Lutheran princes?

Charles and the Holy Roman Empire's goals were to preserve his empire's unity by keeping it Catholic and under the control of his Dynasty. Lutheran Princes were educated on what they were trying to do and stood against them. They wanted to split the Holy Roman Empire so Lutheranism was an option.

What did Charles V hope to accomplish at the Council of Worms?

Charles hoped to change Luthers ideas to his own at the Council of Worms.

How did Christian humanism and Desiderius Erasmus pave the way for the Protestant Reformation in Europe?

Christian Humanism major was to reform the Catholic church and believed in the ability of human beings to improve themself. This led to people realizing that change had to be done. Erasmus was a humanist that stated his beliefs that the Catholic church needed to reform within itself. "He laid the egg that Luther hatched"

How do you think classical learning and an emphasis on the individual might have led people to become critical of the Roman Catholic Church?

Classical learning and an emphasis on the individual developed people to be well rounded and have pure thoughts. Things like these made peop;e realize the coruption and flaws of the Roman Catholic Church.

How did Erasmus and Christian humanism pave the way for Martin Luther's break with the Church and the beginning of the Protestant Reformation?

Erasmas and Christian humanism paved the way for Martin Luther's break because they both were a more subtle start to the rise of Lutheranism. Christian Humanism brang the religious feeling to reform the Church and Society. Erasmus subtly started what Luther finished.

John Calvin believed in what religious ideas?

He believed that faith alone was sufficient for justification.

What did Desiderius Erasmus think was most important about religion?

He thought that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis.

How did Anabaptists differ from other Protestant groups?

How did Anabaptists differ from other Protestant groups?

How did the Reformation affect European society?

It affected European society because now Protestant schools aimed at a much wider audience and education was payed and provided for by the villages and cities of German states. It also changed the view of marriage. Monastitism was abolished and the love between a man and a woman could be praised.

When the Jews refused to convert to Christianity, what happened to them?

Jewish homes were destroyed and they were forced to live in ghettos

. Which monarch objected to England's change to Protestantism?

King Henry VIII.

How did Luther's reliance on the Christian bible differ from the ideas of Christian humanists and of the Catholic Church?

Luther believed that the only truth was found in the Christian Bible. Humanists believed that reading classical literature could enrich the mind and bring out the finer qualities in people. The Catholic churches ideas were also not based on the Bible and were sometime immoral.

How did Luther's ideas lead to a break with the Church and to a new faith?

Luther thought only faith was needed for salvation, not good works or indulgences and his ideas became known as Lutheranism

Why would Luther disagree with Calvin's belief in predestination?

Luther would disagree because he thought salvation was achieved by having faith in God. If you had that then it shouldn't be questionable if you were going to be saved or damned. Calvin believed that God selected people to be saved and others to not and that you can never be absolutly certain of salvation.

What was the first Protestant religion?

Lutheranism

What role did Martin Luther and his ideas play in the Reformation?

Martin Luther's ideas in the Reformation stepped up and verbally took action. He spoke out against the church, unwilling to change hus beliefs. He informed the people on the corrupt things the church was doing and even published the Bible in German for all toread. This really eliminated the powers of the church and led many people to support Luther.

How did Protestantism change the role of the family in the clergy?

Now the clergy could have a family because celibacy was abolished. The mutual love between a man and a wife could now be praised. But there still was reality, where the husband was the ruler and the wife was the obedient servant and the bearer of children.

When did John Calvin do to become a Protestant leader?

October 1531

How did politics in the Holy Roman Empire help establish the first Protestant faith in Germany?

Problems in politics made the Charles weaker, which helped Lutheranism survive

Why did Catholics and Protestants consider Anabaptists radicals?

The Catholics and the Protestants considered Anabaptists radicals because instead of beleiving that states play an important role in church affairs, they strongly disliked giving power to the states.

What made the English Reformation different from the Reformation in the rest of Europe?

The English Reformation was different from the Reformation in the rest of Europe because it was rooted in politics. King Henry the VIII wanted to divorce his wife but was unable to by the pope. So he then turned to Englands highest church courts to disregard his lastest marrige. He then went on to make his own religion that was very similar to Catholicism. Other Reformations int he rest of Europe was drivin by beliefs and religion.

Why was the Holy Roman Empire forced to seek peace with the Lutheran prince?

The Holy Roman Empire was forced to seek peace with the Lutheran Prince because after Charles tried to overthrow him and was unable to defeat them he had to. There was many supporters of Luther and the agreement that German states could choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism, the Peace of Augsburn, was set in place.

Martin Luther's religious movement resulted in what?

The becoming of Lutheranism

. According to Erasmus, and others, why did the Church need reforming?

The church needed reforming because it began to have many external practices and it started to drift away from educating people in the works of christianity.

What were the three key elements of the Catholic Reformation and why were they so important to the Catholic Church in the 16th Century?

The establishment of a new religious order, the Jesuits. Second was the refrom of the Papacy, and third was the Council of Trent. The Jesuits established schools and restored and spread Cathlocism to all parts of the world. The Renaissance Poped encouraged corruption, it tookt he jolt of the Protestant Reformation to reform the Catholic church. Finally the Council of Trent declared that both faith and good world were necessary for salvation. They still believed in purgatory and the seven sacraments. pg 47

The new religious ideas of the Reformation spread quickly due to what invention?

The printing press

Using evidence, how much did religious issues play in Henry's decision to found his own church?

The reason Henry founded his new church is so he could divorce his wife for another woman who he could have a son with. The only relation to religous issue is that they wouldn't allow him to get divorced. The main drving force to found his own church is so he could divorce his wife and have a son.

What did Anabaptists believe?

They believed in the following of spirits and Christianity

Luther finally broke with the Catholic Church because they insisted he does what?

change his ideas about Christianity to match the church's ideas.

Both Erasmus and Martin Luther wanted the Catholic Church to reform for what reason?

hey both wanted the church to reform because they both thought that the church needs to go back to a simpler time and that the church needs to stop selling indulgences

Both Catholics and Protestants thought Anabaptists were too radical because Anabaptists believed what?

that the states played an important, if not dominant, role in church affairs pg 45

In Christian humanism, it was based on the learning of what?

the Bible

Luther's idea of justification by faith alone meant what for followers?

they did not need indulgences

. The Peace of Augsburg allowed each German state's ruler to do what?

to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism

The major goal of the movement called Christian humanism was to do what?

to reform the Catholic Church