Chapter 2 Review

Which of the following is a difference between genotypes and phenotypes?

Genotypes are the sets of traits that we inherit from our parents, whereas phenotypes are the actual sets of traits that we exhibit

Which of the following is true of preimplantation genetic diagnosis?

It reveals the sex of embryos.

Which of the following is true of sperm that enter a woman's vagina?

Out of all the sperm in the ejaculate, only one can fertilize an ovum successfully

Which of the following is true of ova?

Ova are much larger than sperm.

Matt and Lynn do not have cystic fibrosis. However, their son is born with cystic fibrosis. Matt and Lynn:

are carriers of recessive genes causing the disease.

Jane gave birth, at the same time, to two daughters, who were developed from two ova produced in the same month and fertilized by different sperm cells. The daughters have a 50 percent genetic overlap with each other. Jane's daughters are ________ twins.

dizygotic

The _____ is the platelike inner part of the blastocyst that differentiates into the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm of the embryo.

embryonic disk

Katherine is pregnant with her first child and has just started to feel the first of what will be many fetal movements. With only this information, one could draw the conclusion that Katherine is how far along in the pregnancy?

in the middle of the fourth month

Tara and Shawn are trying to conceive a baby; but they are infertile. So, Tara has had eggs harvested; and the eggs have been placed in a petri dish where they are to be fertilized using some of Shawn's sperm. Soon, these fertilized ova will be injected into Tara's uterus. In this scenario, Tara and Shawn are using _____ to conceive.

in vitro fertilization

The form of cell division in which each chromosome splits lengthwise to double in number is called:

mitosis.

Meiosis is also known as:

reduction division

Which of the following is true of males who suffer from Klinefelter syndrome?

Their primary and secondary sex characteristics do not develop properly

One study analyzed the results of several other studies regarding the use of marijuana during pregnancy and found that pregnant women who used the drug were more likely to develop ________ than those pregnant women who did not.

anemia

Injection of sperm into the uterus to fertilize an ovum is known as:

artificial insemination.

During the germinal period of prenatal development, the zygote has the form of a sphere of cells surrounding a cavity of fluid, which is called a(n):

blastocyst.

Rod-shaped structures composed of genes that are found within the nuclei of cells are called:

chromosomes.

Jeremy is a student who is studying about genotypes and similarities in behavioral patterns and traits in families. He talks to different families to compare how similar people are and notices that parents and children seem quite similar with respect to the degree to which they display similarities in terms of certain behavioral traits. Aunts and uncles display somewhat less similarity to their nieces and nephews. First cousins display even less similarity to each other. What sort of study is Jeremy conducting?

Kinship study

Which of the following is a difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins?

Monozygotic twins are derived from a single zygote that has split into two, whereas dizygotic twins are derived from two zygotes.

Which of the following is a difference between cephalocaudal and proximodistal trends?

The cephalocaudal trend involves development from head to tail, whereas the proximodistal trend involves development from the inner part of the body outward.

Kirk works at a stressful job for long hours. He frequently has headaches, fatigue and blurred vision as well as increased thirst and hunger. He remembers that his father and older brother suffered from the same symptoms and suffered from diabetes. He visits a doctor where he is also diagnosed with the same. In this scenario, Kirk's condition is an example of a:

multifactorial problem.