Chapter 2: Subjective, Relativism, and Emotivism

mary midgley claims that refusing to make any moral judgments about other cultures is the only way to grow and achieve moral progress

false

moral objectivism and moral absolutism are the same thing

false

the distinction between disagreements over facts and disagreements over morality is important because

it is only when all of the facts are agreed upon that it can be determined if there is an actual disagreement over morality

according to emotivism, moral claims like murder is wrong are

none, nor true or false

if cultural relative is true, then moral progress

only happens with social reformers can defy the culture

If cultural relativism is true, then

social reformers are morally wrong, cultures cannot be mistaken about morality, disagreements over morality are really just disagreements over what the culture approves of

Subjective Relativism

the view that action is morally right if one approves of it

cultural relativism

the view that an action is morally right if one's culture approves of it

Emotivism

the view that moral utterances are neither true nor false but are expressions of emotions or attitudes

according to the cultural differences argument, that people disagree over morality means that moral principles must be relative to culture

true

ethical subjectivism is not weakened by the claim that it means people are morally infallible

true

if ethical subjectivism is true, then people cannot truly disagree over morality

true

Moral objectivism is the claim that:

Moral principles apply to everyone across cultures

Objectivism

The theory that moral truths exist and that they do so independently of what individuals or societies think of them; there universal moral principles, valid for all people and social environments