Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Informed Practice
The director of nurses (DON) in a long-term care facility has noticed an increased number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) on the east wing of the facility, and would like the infection control nurse to investigate this problem. What is the best problem statement for this study?
"Is there a relationship between the personnel caring for specific clients and whether or not these clients developed UTIs?"
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory?
Person
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Qualitative
A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted?
Quantitative research
A nurse researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The researcher that plans to emphasize collection of numerical data and analysis would select which method of research?
Quantitative research
What aspect of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is primarily affected regarding the threat of terrorism?
Safety and fear
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. To complete a systematic review of the literature, what must the nurse do?
Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice.
How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked?
The nurse assesses problems initially.
A nurse is using the quantitative research process to study the cause of healthcare-associated infections (HIA) and how to prevent them. Which actions are examples of the components of this process? Select all that apply.
The nurse collects data from subjects in the study. The nurse formulates a hypothesis and variables in the study.
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Traditional knowledge
A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge?
Traditional knowledge
A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICO format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?
Chromium supplements
Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research?
Drug metabolism
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
Evidence-based research
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
general systems theory
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice.
A nurse admitting a client to the home health service is gathering information for the client's database. Within the database, the nurse gathers information on the client's health history, past surgeries, diet, exercise, psychosocial status, family and support persons, and spirituality. This information will assist in the development of the client's plan of care. This is considered a:
holistic database.
The statement, "More frequent handwashing will significantly lower the rate of infection in hospitalized clients," is an example of what research component?
hypothesis
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?
nursing theory
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
preventing skin breakdown
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
A nurse is completing a family assessment on a routine home health visit. The parents have a child with a severe peanut allergy. The mother states that she does not purchase any foods with peanut or peanut oil for her family. The other children are allowed to have foods containing peanuts while they are at school and visiting with friends and family. The nurse would conclude that which of the following theories would most like be the basis for this family's functioning?
Adaptation Theory
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
Adults
A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?
Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietitian.
A nurse researcher is collecting stories from participants about their journey with breast cancer. What is the best intervention researcher could use to mitigate the risk that may occur from the sadness and emotional toll the participant may experience in telling her story?
Arrange for a referral to a counselor
A nurse wants to implement Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory in the acute care setting. Which nursing action demonstrates proper use and implementation of this theory?
Assessing for factors interfering with healing
The American Nurses Association's Commission on Nursing Education developed guidelines for the investigative function of nurses at different educational levels. Which guideline is for a nurse with an associate degree?
Assists in collection of data within an established, structured format
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?
P
When the nurse researcher informs the participant that the participant's identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's:
confidentiality