Chapter 2 Theory, Research, and Evidence-Informed Practice
Place the steps of evidence-based practice in the correct order.
Design a question related to a clinical area of interest. Collect the most relevant and best evidence available. Critically evaluate the collected evidence. Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise, client preferences, and values as the decision is made to make a change. Evaluate the decision or change.
Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research?
Drug metabolism
A nurse is completing a family assessment during a routine home health visit. The parents have a child with special needs, along with six other children, and the older siblings help out with the younger. Which theory would best help the nurse understand this family's functioning?
General Systems Theory
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?
Evidence-based research
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
Evidence-based research
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Traditional knowledge
A conceptual framework is defined as:
a set of concepts and propositions.
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
adults.
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice.
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Qualitative
A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge?
Traditional knowledge
A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: "In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared with other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?" Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the "O"?
Decrease infection rates
Which could be considered an example of a qualitative research project?
A PhD nursing student is collecting data on how Somali immigrants perceive the care they receive in one community clinic. The nursing student is taping and analyzing interviews with clients that have been in the country and community 2 years or less and who have sought care at least once at this clinic.
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
Preventing skin breakdown
A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICOT format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?
Chromium supplements
A nurse is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The nurse is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nurse reading?
Abstract
Which criterion is not used for critically evaluating websites when doing a literature review?
Accessibility
A nurse wants to implement Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory in the acute care setting. Which nursing action demonstrates proper use and implementation of this theory?
Assessing for factors interfering with healing
Knowledge gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience is which type of knowledge?
Authoritative knowledge
A nurse is reviewing nursing theory for usefulness in a home healthcare setting. Which is the appropriate application of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model in a home healthcare setting?
Match the client's self-care needs with appropriate supportive interventions.
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
General systems theory
Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
General systems theory
The scientific process and nursing research have the same methodologies for investigating and solving problems. Place the steps of the scientific process and nursing research in order.
Identifying what one needs to know or is curious about Deciding the approach to seeking the answer Devising a plan Implementing the plan Assessing the outcomes
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory?
Person
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?
Nursing theory
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?
P
Which events in the history of nursing research occurred in the 1970s and 1980s? Select all that apply.
Research was focused on clinical practice, including clinical interventions. Primary client care led to research investigating outcomes and quality of care. The nursing process was studied. Concerns of nursing education involved student-learning experiences and clinical evaluation.
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study using the qualitative method. When conducting the research, which characteristics would be included? Select all that apply.
The data collected would primarily be subjective. The approach would be holistic.
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?
Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietitian.
A parent has brought a 6-year-old child into the clinic. The parent is concerned that the child does not seem to skip as well as the other children in the child's class. In planning assessments and care for this child, the nurse would be best served by choosing which theory as a foundation for decision making?
Developmental theory
A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?
Drug metabolism
What are the primary purposes for conducting research in nursing? Select all that apply.
Provide a basis for best practice guidelines Provide a resource for evaluating care Develop new ways to improve assessment and diagnostic skills
When following evidence-based practice, a nurse's actions are based on which sources of information? (Select all that apply.)
Published research National standards National guidelines Targeted literature
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. To complete a systematic review of the literature, what must the nurse do?
Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice
A novice nurse is sharing a newly published research article which outlines a different approach in preventing a wound infection after surgery with a colleague and states the nurse is going to try this new method. Which is the best response from the colleague?
Wait until the method is analyzed to ensure it will be appropriate for their clients