Chapter 2: Workforce Safety and Wellness

Proper Removal of Medical Gloves: Partially remove the first glove by pinching at the wrist. Be careful to touch only the outside of the glove. - Step 1 - Step 2 - Step 3 - Step 4

- Step 1

Scientific studies show that most people need about _____ hours of uninterrupted sleep per night.

8

Two examples of blood-borne pathogens are: A. HIV and hepatitis B virus. B. AIDS and RSI. C. HEPA and hepatitis B virus. D. PASG and CISD.

A. HIV and hepatitis B virus.

Which of the following immunizations are recommended for EMS providers? A. Hepatitis B vaccine B. Meningitis vaccine C. Pneumonia vaccine D. Polio vaccine

A. Hepatitis B vaccine

The stage of the grieving process that involves trying to negotiate a postponement of death is called: A. bargaining. B. acceptance. C. contracts. D. denial.

A. bargaining.

HIV is transmitted by direct contact with infected: A. blood or semen. B. blood or vomitus. C. semen or sputum. D. saliva or tears.

A. blood or semen.

The most important consideration at the scene of an accident is to: A. make sure the scene is safe for you and others around the scene. B. make sure your vehicle is visible. C. park your vehicle as close as possible to victims. D. have your vehicle facing the flow of traffic.

A. make sure the scene is safe for you and others

List 5 signs or symptoms of stress.

Anxiety, guilt, indecisiveness, isolation, and irritability.

Which of the following techniques can be used to prevent stress? A. Drinking an inadequate amount of healthy fluids B. Eating a well-balanced diet C. Focusing on stressful events and what should have been done differently D. Scheduling frequent overtime shifts

B. Eating a well-balanced diet

Which of the following statements regarding crowds is false? A. You should request help from law enforcement before the crowd gets out of control. B. Friendly crowds do not interfere with your duties. C. Unfriendly crowds may require police presence. D. You should assess the feeling of the crowd before you get in a position from which there is no exit.

B. Friendly crowds do not interfere with your duties.

Which of the following is not a sign of stress? A. Difficulty sleeping B. Increased efficiency C. Loss of appetite D. Inability to concentrate

B. Increased efficiency

Which of the following is true of tuberculosis? A. It is spread by blood-to-blood contact. B. There are drug-resistant strains. C. Health care workers face a low risk of exposure. D. Skin tests should be performed every month.

B. There are drug-resistant strains.

In the grieving process, a normal reaction is one of disbelief, which protects those who are experiencing the situation. This stage is called: A. preservation. B. denial. C. depression. D. skepticism.

B. denial.

The first step in managing stress is to: A. get more sleep. B. recognize the signs and symptoms. C. change jobs. D. change eating habits.

B. recognize the signs and symptoms.

Critical incident stress briefings (CISDs) are usually held: A. during an incident. B. 10 to 20 days after an incident. C. 24 to 72 hours after an incident. D. because they are mandatory.

C. 24 to 72 hours after an incident.

Which of the following statements about depression is false? A. It is characterized by quiet or silent behavior. B. It is a natural reaction to a major threat or loss. C. Continued depression typically does not require help. D. It is characterized by feelings of sadness and despair.

C. Continued depression typically does not require help.

Which of the following statements regarding fire hazards is false? A. Never enter a burning building without proper turnout gear and SCBA. B. Keep all ignition sources away from spilled fluids. C. Vehicles involved in a collision rarely present a fire hazard. D. Do not exceed the limits of your training when dealing with fire.

C. Vehicles involved in a collision rarely present a fire hazard.

Which of the following is a not a typical hazard encountered by EMRs? A. Traffic B. Blunt objects C. Violence D. Animals

C. Violence

Tuberculosis is spread by contact with contaminated: A. blood. B. feces. C. air. D. saliva.

C. air.

Federal regulations require vehicles that are transporting a certain quantity of hazardous materials to be marked with: A. chemical names. B. orange paint. C. specific placards. D. green lights.

C. specific placards.

Depression

Characterized by sadness or despair

List 3 types of calls that can create a high level stress.

Critical patients, death, and violence.

The stage of the grieving process in which the finality of death is recognized is called: A. depression. B. comprehension. C. conclusion. D. acceptance.

D. acceptance.

Safety begins when you: A. encounter a violent situation. B. begin treatment. C. arrive at the scene. D. are dispatched to the scene.

D. are dispatched to the scene.

When you feel angry about an emergency situation that you have experienced and you discuss your anger with others, you are: A. showing that you are not capable. B. breaking the confidentiality laws. C. causing additional stress for others. D. avoiding unhealthy physical symptoms caused by bottling up your emotions.

D. avoiding unhealthy physical symptoms caused by bottling up your emotions.

HIV stands for: A. human immunization virus. B. histamine immune vaccine. C. hyperinspiration vaporization. D. human immunodeficiency virus.

D. human immunodeficiency virus.

Hepatitis B: A. is a disease that is easily treated. B. poses no risk to the EMR. C. cannot be prevented. D. is spread by direct contact with infected blood.

D. is spread by direct contact with infected blood.

The standard precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) call for the use of: A. equipment with the OSHA seal. B. reflective vests and hard hats or helmets. C. supplies manufactured in the United States. D. medical gloves, protective eye wear, a face shield or mask, and hand washing.

D. medical gloves, protective eye wear, a face shield or mask, and hand washing.

Standard precautions give guidelines for safe procedures for: A. transporting patients. B. sexual relations. C. responding to major natural disasters. D. minimizing the spread of pathogens.

D. minimizing the spread of pathogens.

If you believe that a crash involves hazardous materials: A. obtain a sample of the material for identification. B. enter the scene once you have identified the material. C. extricate all victims from the vehicle as quickly as possible. D. stop uphill and upwind and determine if the vehicle is marked with a placard.

D. stop uphill and upwind and determine if the vehicle is marked with a placard.

Name the five stages of the grieving process.

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Denial

Disbelief or rejection

List five hazards that may be present at an accident scene and need to be considered by the EMR.

Electrical Hazards, hazardous materials,fire, sharp objects, and traffic.

True/False: A health care worker in an emergency situation should decide by visual examination whether or not protective equipment for blood-borne pathogens is necessary.

False

True/False: A used hypodermic needle needs to be cut or bent to ensure that it will not be reused.

False

True/False: Alcoholic beverages should only be consumed in moderation because they reduce your ability to deal with stress.

False

True/False: At the scene of a crime, your responsibilities are only medical in nature and do not involve any responsibility for criminal evidence.

False

True/False: Gowns and aprons should be worn on all EMR calls.

False

True/False: Influenza, whooping cough, and SARS are spread by direct contact with others.

False

True/False: Medical gloves are adequate protection for EMRs, and there is little need to wash hands if they are worn.

False

True/False: Most MRSA infections occur in day care centers and schools.

False

True/False: Providing emergency medical care as an EMR is stressful only if you are unsure of what you are doing.

False

True/False: Service dogs are generally not possessive of their owners.

False

True/False: Stress can be eliminated if you learn proper techniques.

False

True/False: Testing for the presence of tuberculosis is not recommended for EMRs unless there is a family history of the disease.

False

True/False: Testing for the presence of tuberculosis is not recommended for EMRs unless there is a family history of the disease.

False

True/False: There is substantial evidence that HIV can be spread by direct contact with a patient's saliva or urine.

False

True/False: You should use CISD personnel only when you can no longer cope with your stress.

False

Pathogens

Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease

______ stress education provides information about the stresses that you will encounter and the reactions you may experience.

Preincident

At 4:00 am, you are dispatched to a shooting at a residence. As you approach, two police cars leave the scene of the crime with their lights and sirens on, and dispatch informs you that law enforcement personnel believe the shooter has left the scene. What should you do?

Proceed the scene with caution and safety.

Acceptance

Recognition of the finality of the grief-causing event

You respond to a call for a "sick person" at an apartment complex known for violence and frequent drug overdoses. When you arrive, you find a 35-year-old man standing in the doorway of his apartment. The patient is pale with sweaty skin. He tells you that he has been feeling ill for several days. He complains of night sweats, weight loss, and coughing up blood-streaked sputum for several days. The apartment complex is rather crowded and dirty. What should you do?

Stay a safe distance from the the person and wait for the law enforcement officials.

Proper Removal of Medical Gloves: Remove the second glove by pinching the exterior with the partially gloved hand. - Step 1 - Step 2 - Step 3 - Step 4

Step 2

Proper Removal of Medical Gloves: Pull the second glove inside out toward the fingertips. - Step 1 - Step 2 - Step 3 - Step 4

Step 3

Proper Removal of Medical Gloves: Grasp both gloves with your free hand, touching only the clean interior surfaces, and gently remove the gloves. - Step 1 - Step 2 - Step 3 - Step 4

Step 4

Standard precautions

Treat all bodily fluids as potentially infectious

True/False A healthy; well-balanced diet contributes to the prevention and reduction of stress.

True

True/False: A health care worker should assume that all patients are potential carriers of blood-borne pathogens.

True

True/False: Animals may present hazards such as bites, kicking, or even trampling.

True

True/False: Caffeine is a drug that causes an increase in blood pressure and an increase in your stress level.

True

True/False: EMS providers should be immunized against influenza, tetanus, and the hepatitis B virus.

True

True/False: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may show up as a skin sore.

True

True/False: Receiving the hepatitis B vaccine may help to protect you against hepatitis B.

True

True/False: There are situations in which the EMR should wait for law enforcement personnel before approaching the scene.

True

True/False: To minimize exposure to tuberculosis, an EMR should use a HEPA respirator, oxygen mask, or face mask

True

True/False: You should never enter an emergency situation that is unsafe unless you have the proper training and equipment.

True

Bargaining

Trying to make a deal to postpone death and dying

______ objects may include vehicles, trees, poles, buildings, cliffs, and piles of materials.

Unstable

List three things you should keep in mind when parking your vehicle at an emergency scene.

Use your vehicle to protect the scene of the accident, make sure the emergency warning lights are working properly, and drive safely to the scene.

_______ _______ are a major cause of death and disability in law enforcement officials, firefighters, and EMS providers.

Vehicle collisions

What five special rescue situations require special safety considerations, training, or equipment?

Water rescue, ice rescue, confined space rescue, terrorism and mass casualty incidents.

Describe the 5 standard precautions recommended by the CDC.

Wear latex or nitrile gloves, a protective mask and a face shield. Wash your hands and avoid recapping, cutting, or bending, used needles.

Anger

a strong feeling of displeasure

Wheather cannot be _____ or ______.

changed, controlled

Because electricity is ________, make sure that the electrical ________ has been turned off by a(n) ________ person.

invisible, current, qualified

On-scene _____ support and disaster support services provide aid on the scenes of especially stressful incidents.

peer

A ___________, _________, __________ is used to alleviate the stress reactions caused by high-stress emergency situations.

preincident stress education, on-scene peer support, and debriefing

Stress management consists of recognizing, preventing, and ______ stress.

reducing