Chapter 20
What did Hitler stress in Eastern Europe?
"living space"
What "type" of war was WW1?
"total war"
List three factors that contributed to the outbreak and character of the war.
1.popular nationalism 2.industrialized militarism 3.Europe 's colonial empires
When was WW1?
1914-1918
When did the Great Depression hit?
1929
Who led the Nazi Power?
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
In what way was nationalist Japan most similar to fascist Italy and Nazi Germany?
Aggressive ambition for conquest and empire building
Who was assassinated on June 28, 1914 by a Serbian nationalist?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne
How did Adolf Hitler and the Nazis view modern urban life?
As a Jewish conspiracy to corrupt traditional German values
By what month of 1914 had full war broken out?
August
Who was the fascist leader who rose to power in Italy?
Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)
Benito Mussolini's fascist movement came to power promising an alternative to what?
Both democratic rule and communism
What was Hitler's title?
Führer
What embittered Germany's French-German relations?
Germany 's unification in the context of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
What countries were in the Triple Alliance?
Germany , Austria , Italy
What two countries did the best during the Great Depression?
Germany and Japan
What did the Germans lose because of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany lost: their colonial empire and 15 percent of their European territory, money, and control of military,
The Triple Alliance involved three European powers, _________________________.
Germany, Austria, and Italy
What was NOT a factor in causing the Great Depression?
Government interference in market economies
In Japan, as in Germany, it was the __________ that paved the way for more authoritarianism and nationalism.
Great Depression
What did hitler do after becoming chancellor of Germany in 1933?
Hitler outlawed other political parties, arrested opponents, censured the press, and assumed police power
What 3 countries formed the Axis Pact?
Italy, Germany, and Japan
What country was a newcomer to "great power" status?
Japan
What happened to japan after WW2?
Japan was occupied by the U.S. between 1945 and 1952 and depended on the U.S. for security. they also experienced great growth in the following decades
What did Western criticism lead to in reference to Japan?
Japan withdrew from League of Nations
Japan invaded China in 1937 because of a dispute over ________, thus beginning World War II.
Manchuria
When were the german finally defeated?
May 1945
Did the New Deal work
No not very well
When was Germany finally defeated in WW1?
November 1918
What three countries were made independent because of WW1?
Poland , Czechoslovakia , Yugoslavia
What developed in Japan because of the Great Depression?
Radical Nationalism (the Revolutionary Right)
What countries were in the Triple Entente?
Russia , France, Britain
___________ sustained the worst suffering in World War II, with 25 million killed, another 25 million made homeless, and thousands of towns, villages, and industrial enterprises destroyed.
The Soviet Union
Who was an unrivaled superpower after WW2?
The U.S.
What is NOT an example of the term "total war"?
The bombing of Pearl Harbor
What impact did Europe's colonial empires have on the conduct of World War I?
The war drew in laborers and soldiers from the colonies.
What did the U.S. do to help Europe recover?
They were a reservoir of resources for the whole West
What treaty ended WW1?
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
What was the main type of warfare used in WW1?
Trench warfare
What was created as a means for peaceful conflict resolution?
United Nations (1945)
What did the intellectuals question because of WW1?
WW1 led to questioning of Enlightenment values
What was established as a large bank?
World Bank and International Monetary Fund (1945)
What did the rise of Nazism represent?
a moral collapse within the West
How many people died in WW2?
an estimated 60 million people died in WWII
What did Germany do in 1938?
annexed of Austria and the German-speaking parts of Czechoslovakia
What event in 1939 triggered WW2?
attack on Poland
What began in 1935 in Germany?
began major rearmament
What German tactic was very effective?
blitzkrieg
What did Japan do in 1941?
bombed Pearl Harbor
What idea began to battle democracy?
communism
What political party benefited from WW2?
communism
What new political ideology became important in much of Europe in period 1919-1945?
fascism
What was fascism against?
individualism, liberalism, feminism, parliamentary democracy, and communism
What did the Treaty of Versailles (1919) do?
it made the conditions that caused World War II
What type of global effect did Pearl harbor have?
joined the Asian and European theaters of war into a single global struggle
What two things had sharpened traditional rivalries between European states?
modernization and Europe 's rise to global ascendancy
What percentage of the casualties of WW2 were civilians?
over half
What was Benito Mussolini private army called?
the Black Shirts
Who did Hitler use as the scapegoat of society?
the Jews
What plan did the U.S. use to help Europe rebuild?
the Marshall Plan
What did "deal" Franklin Roosevelt present?
the New Deal (1933-1942)
What happened to the Ottoman Empire because of WW1?
the Ottoman empire fell apart
In what event were 200,000-300,000 Chinese civilians were killed; countless women were raped?
the Rape of Nanjing (1937-1938)
Who stopped the blitzkrieg in 1942?
the Soviets
What were the names of the two alliances of Europe?
the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente
What country was the only country not physically touched by WW2?
the U.S.
Who appeared as a world power after WW1?
the U.S.
What triggered the Russian Bolshevik revolution (1917)?
the rearrangement of the map of Central Europe
What did Japan do in 1940-1941?
they launched conquest of European colonies (Indochina, Malaya , Burma , Indonesia , and the Philippines )
Was the Marshall Plan successful?
yes