Chapter 20 Review (1900-1916)

__________ was the 1912 Socialist Party candidate for president.

Eugene V. Debs

The national press encouraged Progressives to organize at the local, state, and federal levels.

True

Theodore Roosevelt's move into American politics shocked his friends and family.

True

Women led the transformation of politics through voluntary organizations and interest groups.

True

Before becoming president in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt had been

governor of New York

The NAACP won its first court battle in 1915 against the

grandfather clause, which denied the right to vote to the descendants of slaves

_________ grew up in affluent surroundings in Fort Wayne, Indiana, attended medical school at the University of Michigan, later going on to do advanced work in bacteriology and pathology at Leipzig and Munich. She was well known for her work concerning occupational disease.

Alice Hamilton

Interest group

An association whose members organize to exert political pressure on officials or the public. Unlike political parties, whose platforms and slates cover nearly every issue and office, an interest group focuses on a narrower list of concerns reflecting the shared outlook of its members. With the decline of popular politics around the turn of the twentieth century, business, religious, agricultural, women's, professional, neighborhood, and reform associations created a new form of political participation.

All of the following refer to the construction of the Panama Canal except:

Canal construction cost a billion dollars and the loss of ten thousand lives

__________ was the forced sterilization of so-called "unfit" parents. Patients with epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, or mental handicaps who sought help at state hospitals were surgically sterilized, as were criminals.

Eugenics

Booker T. Washington lost faith in the American system and believed that "the color line" could not be broken.

False

Ida Tarbell called her exposure of graft in St. Louis "the shame of the cities."

False

Some 146 residents of Jane Addams's Hull House died when a blaze swept through the Chicago facility in 1911.

False

Wisconsin under the La Follette administration repealed an unpopular state income tax.

False

Initiative, recall, and referendum

First proposed by the People's Party's Omaha Platform (1892), along with the direct election of senators and the secret ballot, as measures to subject corporate capitalism to democratic controls. Progressives, chiefly in western and midwestern states, favored them as a check on the power of state officials. The initiative allows legislation to be proposed by petition. The recall allows voters to remove public officials, and the referendum places new laws or constitutional amendments on the ballot for the direct approval of the voters.

The 1912 election featured all of the following candidates except

Gifford Pinchot

Which of the following statements characterizes Theodore Roosevelt's approach to the nation's natural resources?

He was a conservationist who tried to balance commercial and public interests

Jane Addams was one of the founders of

Hull House

__________ are voluntary and professional societies that educated and socialized voters and even made policy. Patterned after corporations, these groups worked outside the system to gather support for a particular cause or proposal.

Interest groups

All of the following were essential elements of the "New Freedom" except the

Sherman Antitrust Act

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the "progressivism" of the turn of the century?

Progressivism was a widespread, many-sided reform effort

Eugenics

The practice of attempting to solve social problems through the control of human reproduction. Drawing on the authority of evolutionary biology, eugenists enjoyed considerable influence in the United States, especially on issues of corrections and public health, from the turn of the century through World War II. Applications of this pseudoscience included the identification of "born" criminals by physical characteristics and "better baby" contests at county fairs.

Which of the following does not accurately explain the growth and popularity of the Progressive movement?

The progressives offered a coherent blueprint to solve society's problems

All of the following refer to foreign policy considerations of President Theodore Roosevelt except:

The removal of tariffs to foster "free trade" among nations

__________ ascended to the 26th president of the United States upon the death of William McKinley. The first progressive president from the Republican Party, he believed in a strong executive and challenged corporations to reform.

Theodore Roosevelt

After his service as New York City police commissioner, Theodore Roosevelt served the McKinley administration as assistant secretary of the navy.

True

As reform gained momentum, mayors, governors, and presidential candidates identified themselves and their agendas as progressive.

True

Female activists identified and publicized problems, lobbied for new laws, and staffed bureaus and agencies that administered the solutions.

True

Jane Addams's Hull House was a settlement house where immigrant women and children and Progressives lived alongside one another.

True

Membership in the Socialist Party grew in the United States, adding strength to its claim that the future would be revolutionary rather than progressive.

True

President Roosevelt issued his "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine to defend his actions in bringing about the creation of an independent Panama.

True

President Roosevelt was the first president to call himself a Progressive, and he set out to remake the executive as the preeminent branch of government.

True

Roosevelt believed that forests, deserts, and other natural resources were to be used and managed following scientific management methods.

True

Some political scientists refer to former political scientist Woodrow Wilson as a "minority president" because he polled less than a majority of the national popular vote in the election of 1912.

True

Taft's "dollar diplomacy" aimed at using economic power for diplomatic purposes.

True

The election of 1912 pitted Taft, Roosevelt, and Wilson against one another.

True

The greatest influence wielded by the Socialists was the push that it gave to conservatives to support moderate reforms.

True

The most successful form of municipal government that took root in the early twentieth century was the city manager format.

True

__________ was an African American leader and civil rights activist who opposed Booker T. Washington's "Atlanta Compromise" and believed that economic, political, and educational progress had to move together.

W. E. B. DuBois

In the election of 1908 William Howard Taft defeated

William Jennings Bryan

All of the following refer to the differences between Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson in respect to business combinations except:

Wilson theorized a professionalized, central government staffed by nonpartisan experts who would monitor big corporations to assure efficiency and competition

In the 1912 presidential election,

Wilson won a bare majority of the popular vote but an overwhelming majority of the electoral vote

In the 1912 election, __________ received the highest number of electoral votes

Woodrow Wilson

The Democrat elected the 28th president of the United States in 1912 was _________. A Progressive, he devised a program called the New Freedom that would allow a lean but powerful government to return competition and economic mobility to the marketplace. While he entered office intending a program of reform, the Great War in Europe occupied a great deal of his attention.

Woodrow Wilson

Where business was concerned, the Square Deal included

an attitude of mutual respect and recognition between employees and employers, who would attempt to deal with one another in a fair manner

The discovery of the ________had immense military and industrial implications, allowing rations and wages to be calculated for maximum energy-producing efficiency. The body's intake—food—and its output—physical or mental exertion—could be measured in these uniform units.

calorie

A __________ was an outgrowth of the Progressive movement and the attempt to professionalize various government functions. Cities placed local government in the hands of an unelected "city manager" in order to improve efficiency.

commission plan

Popular new forms of city government that appeared during the Progressive Era included all of the following except

consolidated city-county

W. E. B. DuBois disagreed with the traditional black leader Booker T. Washington in all of the following respects except

the emphasis on thrift and hard work to improve oneself economically

An attempt to make government more democratic included the _____, which allowed voters to place legislation on the ballot by petition; the ______, which let the legislature put proposals on the ballot; and the ______, which gave voters the chance to remove officials from office before the end of their terms.

initiative; recall; referendum

Progressive presidents, like Progressive Americans, believed that

managed, orderly social and political change was desirable

Theodore Roosevelt derived his belief that reform was required to keep voters from turning to radical alternatives from his

poor showing in a race for mayor of New York City

All of the following refer to policies of Gifford Pinchot, the chief forester of the United States in the Roosevelt administration, except

preserving nature for its pristine beauty

The Square Deal was the result of

public recognition that unions were not necessarily bent on class warfare

Progressives differed from earlier reformers because they believed for reform to be successful,

reform had to be a process; that a single law or two would not solve society's problems

Woodrow Wilson's economic outlook can best be described as

stressing individual consumers and investors.

Female progressives used their college educations to do which of the following except.

take many of the same career paths their mothers had.

All of the following refer to the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911 except:

the building had adequately regulated fire escapes and plumbing.

All of the following refer to the administration of President William Howard Taft except:

the dismissal of Richard Ballinger as the secretary of interior due to a dispute over conservation