Chapter 20 SmartBook

In what ways did President Woodrow Wilson advance the progressive agenda?

-He backed legislation that punished businesses that combined to restrain trade. -He lowered Taft's unpopular tariffs. -He limited the courts' ability to issue injunctions against striking unions.

Which of the following was true of President Woodrow Wilson?

-He pioneered annual State of the Union speeches. -He advocated that government be a positive and active force in people's lives.

Which of the following was true of the professionalization of social work in the early twentieth century?

-It was the culmination of a trend toward a more scientific approach to providing relief to the poor. -Early reformers sought to protect children from early adulthood by constructing public playgrounds.

How did living in American cities force change for immigrants in the early twentieth century?

-They shared neighborhoods with people from other villages and cultures. -Many came to identify more with their country of origin rather than their village of origin.

Which of the following was true of life for middle-class men in the Progressive Era?

-Young men entered college or the workforce later than in earlier generations. -Highly masculine activities, like hunting or boxing, became increasingly popular.

Which of the following was true of life for middle-class women in the Progressive Era?

-Young women were less likely to marry than those of earlier (or later) generations. -They had new career and educational opportunities.

In the early twentieth century, progressives sought to "clean up" American cities by attempting to do which of the following?

-ban the sale and consumption of alcohol. -end the commercial sex trade.

In the early twentieth century, large numbers of Black Americans left the South in search of which of the following?

-better job opportunities. -less racial discrimination.

President Theodore Roosevelt used the "bully pulpit" of his presidency to preach against which two things?

-class division. -materialism.

What were the two primary changes to the physical landscape of cities in the Progressive Era?

-electric lights. -skyscrapers.

Which groups of people joined theater audiences in large numbers for the first time in the early twentieth century?

-middle-class youth. -women.

Which of the following were changes to national labor laws made during the Taft administration?

-new regulations for mine and railroad safety. -an eight-hour workday for federal employees.

In the early twentieth century, American cities became more diverse primarily because of immigrants from what area?

-southern Europe. -eastern Europe.

What factors in Europe in the early twentieth century prompted many people to come to the United States in search of better economic opportunities?

-the redistribution of farmland. -industrialization.

In the early twentieth century, urban immigrant communities often had their own _______.

-theaters. -foreign-language newspapers.

The exodus of _____ that began during the Progressive Era would would accelerate to become the Great Migration during World War I.

Black Southerners to Northern cities.

The City Beautiful Movement launched with the 1893 _____ Exposition.

Chicago.

The city of _____ is known as the birthplace of the skyscraper.

Chicago.

Between 1900 and 1920, U.S. Socialist Party presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs drew support from ______.

Democrats in the Northeast and Midwest.

In the Progressive Era, who was the leader of the U.S. Socialist Party and a five-time presidential candidate?

Eugene V. Debs.

Thousands of concerned middle-class Americans made their way to _____ cities and universities in the 1890s and 1900s to study their approach to social reform.

European.

Founded in 1905, an industrial union called the _____ explicitly appealed to immigrants, Black Americans, women, and other laborers whom previous labor unions had ignored or excluded.

Industrial Workers of the World.

Calling for full political and social rights for Black people, members of W.E.B. Du Bois's Niagara Movement helped found the _____ in 1910.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

The progressive governor of Wisconsin, ______, was elected in 1900 and instituted far-reaching reforms such as new taxes on railroad profits and inheritances.

Robert M. La Follette.

President ______ was the first president to treat environmental protection as a policy priority.

Theodore Roosevelt.

In his second term, President Roosevelt helped create the _____ and appointed his friend Gifford Pinchot to lead it.

U.S. Forest Service.

Formed out of the merger of several companies in 1901, ______ became the world's first-ever billion-dollar corporation.

U.S. Steel Corporation.

In The Souls of Black Folk (1903), _____ argued that Black Americans would make no progress until they had full political and social rights.

W.E.B. Du Bois.

Which of the following organizations of the Progressive Era championed the cause of prohibition?

Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

What was the National Consumers League?

an organization that led consumer boycotts against companies that treated female workers poorly.

Despite the segregation and discrimination of the Progressive Era, Black American _____ Jack Johnson managed to become a celebrity in mainstream entertainment culture.

boxer.

Frederick W. Taylor's scientific management program attempted to optimize efficiency by ______.

breaking down the labor process into smaller, measurable components and setting guidelines for every worker.

Americans migrated in mass numbers to _____ in the early twentieth century.

cities.

In the early twentieth century, many evangelical reformers saw _____ as the only way to turn immigrants into Americans—and to end prejudice against them.

conversion to Protestantism.

In 1909, the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), in an effort to draw national attention to its cause, ______.

coordinated the first of a series of street rallies.

In the Progressive Era, some urban clergy preached a Social Gospel, arguing that poverty's causes ______.

could be traced to society's most basic institutional arrangements.

The City Beautiful Movement focused on ______.

improving urban aesthetics.

Who were the muckrakers of the Progressive Era?

investigative journalists who exposed corruption and social hardships.

Frederick W. Taylor's program of scientific management was most likely to appeal to ______.

large business owners.

During the Progressive Era, the economy grew steadily, most notably in the ____ sector.

manufacturing.

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle exposed horrible working conditions in the ____ industry.

meatpacking.

American reformers of the Progressive Era noted that countries like Germany and France funded social programs through ______.

progressive taxation.

In the early twentieth century, progressives supported the restriction of voting among many naturalized immigrants by ______.

requiring voters to read English.

In the Progressive Era, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) negotiated contracts across entire industries to the primary benefit of ______.

skilled craftworkers.

In the early twentieth century, more than 2 million Jews fled ____ in the face of religious persecution.

the Russian empire.

What constitutional amendments instituted a graduated income tax and mandated that senators be elected by popular vote?

the Sixteenth Amendment and Seventeenth Amendment.

In the early twentieth century, what was the most popular form of mass entertainment?

theaters.

Progressive ideals and methods were especially appealing to the _____ of the Progressive Era.

urban middle class.

Which of the following was a major goal of progressives in the early twentieth century?

weakening the power of political parties in state and federal politics.

In the Progressive Era, real estate covenants...

were agreements used by homeowners to deny nonwhite people the right to live in certain neighborhoods.