Chapter 20: The Progressives
The most distinctive quality of women in professions during the progressive era was that women were concentrated in the?
"helping" professions.
During the progressive era, what rose to replace the declining power of the interest groups.
"interest groups"
During the progressive era, what was a product of lower birth rate, the movement to work outside the home, increased schooling for children, and higher levels of education?
"new woman"
Legislation Passed for which 4 acts?
1. National Reclamation Act 2. Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act 3. Pure Food and Drug Act 4. Meat Inspection Act
President Roosevelt did not Lead the fight in favor of building the dam at Hetch Hetchy Valley. _____ _____, the founder of the Sierra Club was said to have driven him to his death.
John Muir
Which lawyer and Supreme Court Justice argued against large corporations?
Louis D. Brandies
Journalists are also referred to as?
Muckrakers
Who supported the restriction of immigration by nationality?
Eugenics
Wilson created which act that created a new type of paper currency?
Federal Reserve Act
On that note, the first director of the National Forest Service was?
Gifford Pinchot.
In 1904, who published a highly critical study on the Standard Oil trust?
Ida Tarbell
What was designed in order to weaken the state legislatures?
Initiatives and referendums
What was an important vehicle for social reform during the progressive era?
New York's Tammany hall
Many states gave full voting rights to women. Which four states gave women the right to vote?
New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California
The 1912 Republican convention was an ideological contest between the?
Old Guard and the "Bull Moose".
Taft later fires Pinchot for insubordination in a 1909 controversy involving who?
Pinchot and Gifford Ballinger.
1912 he was reluctant to become a candidate for the presidency because who had been working to secure the nomination for himself?
Robert La Follette
What was the first law regulating child labor?
The Keating Owen Act
What was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history?
The Woman's Christian Temperance Union
Which movement had a national organization to coordinate club activities?
The women's club movement
When were strict regulations imposed on factory owners?
after the 1911 Triangle shirtwaist fire in New York City.
At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement directed their attention to?
improving urban living conditions.
During the progressive era, clubs for African American women may have focused on what?
in some cases may have had an anti-lynching focus
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was an effort to...?
make religious faith a tool of social reform.
One of the first targets for political reformers was?
municipal governments.
In 1913, Congress passed a graduated income tax to do what?
offset the loss of revenue.
Regarding organizing the professions during the Progressive Era, by 1916, all states had established?
professional bar associations.
When reforming city governments, they frequently attempted to hire who as city managers?
professionally trained business managers or engineers
Upton Sinclair 1906 novel "the Jungle" encouraged the federal government to do what?
regulate the meatpacking industry.
Regarding women and the professions during the Progressive Era, what was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women?
social work
The settlement house movement also spawned the profession of?
social worker.
*Recall and Direct primary were designed to weaken political parties. Robert La Follette - as governor of Wisconsin & a progressive reformer, helped with approval for what?
the direct primary, initiative, and referendums.
As an environmental conservationist, Teddy also added extensive land to?
the national forest system.
Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot, voter ballots were printed and distributed by who?
the political parties.
President Taft didn't have the dynamic personality of Theodore Roosevelt, didn't necessarily please progressives, but got along with who?
conservatives.
At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists believed in?
the transformational power of enlightened public opinion.
The proponents for political reform were generally made up of members from?
the urban middle class
Supporters of woman suffrage argued that female voters deserved the vote because of?
their unique traits as women.
Why did Brandies believe that the federal government should break them up?
Because it limited competition was a threat to freedom, was inefficient and encouraged abuses of power.
Who was one of Wilson's closest advisors during his first term?
Colonel Edward House
Who was the youngest American ever to hold office? And what did he want government to be able to investigate?
Theodore Roosevelt and corporate activities, and ordered federal arbitration in the 1902 strike of the United Mine Workers.
Who argued that modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems?
Thorstein Veblen
The Supreme Court, in how many rulings related to the 1916 Keating Owen Act, struck down reform legislation?
Two
Who stressed that blacks should aspire to be professional, that talented blacks should accept nothing less than a full university education and should fight for immediate civil rights?
W.E.B. Du Bois s
Who won only the plurality of the Popular Vote in the 1912 election?
Woodrow Wilson
Industrial Workers of the World advocated for what?
a single union for all workers
His political program known as "_____ _____" believed that trusts should be destroyed/kept safe.
a) "New Freedom" b) destroyed
During the progressive era, who was the leader of American socialism? The Socialist Party of America grew weaker/stronger during this era?
a) Eugene V. Deb. b) Stronger
a) William Borah b) George Norris c) Hiram Johnson d) Alfred Smith
a) Idaho - West b) Nebraska - West c) California - West d) New York - East
The temperance movement gained momentum between 1914 and 1919 as a result of _____ _____ __. It was supported by _____ _____?
a) World War I b) business employers
Theodore Roosevelt did/didn't run for another term in 1908 as he had promised in 1904. Theodore did however hand-pick _____ _____ _____ to succeed him that 1908 election.
a) did not b) William Howard Taft
1910 he announced a set of ______ principles that called for greater activism by the _____ _____.
a) political b) federal government
a) Significant voting rights for women were first won in? b) In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, a small/large majority of states gave some voting rights to women.
a) the far West b) large
Why did the Western States focus and target their reform efforts on the federal government?
because it exerted great power over them (western states).
How did World War I hurt the socialist movement in the U.S.?
because it generated anti-radical feelings in the country.
Regarding divorce in the United States during the progressive era, by 1916 what percentile of all marriages ended in divorce?
ten percent
What did the main idea during this period tend to be?
tended to be based on the central assumption that American society was capable of improvement.
The Federal Trade Commission Act created an agency to determine what?
whether business practices were acceptable to the government.
