Chapter 20.3 Connect Questions

B. 3'-OH group

Chain termination occurs when a dideoxy ribonucleotide is incorporated into a growing DNA strand because there is no ______. Multiple choice question. A. 5'-OH group B. 3'-OH group C. amino D. phosphate

C. DNA nucleotides

DNA sequencing enables researchers to determine the order of ______ ______ in a gene. Multiple choice question. A. RNA nucleotides B. amino acids C. DNA nucleotides

B. DNA replication

Dideoxy sequencing was formulated based on scientists' knowledge of what process? Multiple choice question. A. Transcription B. DNA replication C. Translation D. Reverse transcription

Blank 1: dideoxyribonucleotide, ddNTP, or dideoxyribonucleotides

If the oxygens on carbons 2 and 3 of the sugar of a nucleotide have been removed, the nucleotide is referred to as a _______________.

D. fluorescent dye

In automated sequencing, each dideoxy ribonucleotide is labeled with a different colored ______. Multiple choice question. A. Taq polymerase B. radioisotope C. DNA primer D. fluorescent dye

two

In dideoxy ribonucleotides, ______________ oxygens are removed from the sugar compared with ribose.

A. chain termination

In dideoxy sequencing, if a dideoxy ribonucleotide is incorporated into the growing strand of DNA, the strand can no longer grow as there is no 3' OH group. This is called ______. Multiple choice question. A. chain termination B. terminal acceptance C. transposition D. real-time PCR

C. using the four labeled dideoxy ribonucleotides results in chain termination at each nucleotide

Sequencing using the dideoxy method results in a sequencing ladder because ______. Multiple choice question. A. using the four unlabeled deoxyribonucleotides results in chain termination at each nucleotide B. the amount of DNA increases in discrete steps, like a ladder C. using the four labeled dideoxy ribonucleotides results in chain termination at each nucleotide

Blank 1: dideoxy

The DNA sequencing method developed by Frederick Sanger that became a commonly used method of DNA sequencing is called _____________ sequencing.

C. specific bases

The Maxam and Gilbert method of DNA sequencing used chemicals that cleaved the DNA at ______. Multiple choice question. A. random sequences B. long stretches of A bases C. specific bases D. A-T pairs only

Blank 1: sequencing or sequence Blank 2: ladder

The dideoxy sequencing method results in mixtures of DNA strands of different lengths which are run on a gel. The gel is read from the bottom up. This is referred to as a ____________ ____________.

A. sequence of DNA

The use of dideoxy ribonucleotides with different colored fluorescent dyes allows the detection of the ______. Multiple choice question. A. sequence of DNA B. appropriate vector C. gene of interest D. amount of DNA

C. DNA sequencing

This technique enables researchers to determine the DNA bases in genes and other chromosomal regions. Multiple choice question. A. Colony hybridization B. Restriction mapping C. DNA sequencing D. Southern blotting

A. high concentrations of unlabeled deoxyribonucleotides and low concentrations of labeled dideoxy ribonucleotides

To ensure that the automated sequencing is accurate, it is important that the sequencing mixture contains ______. Multiple choice question. A. high concentrations of unlabeled deoxyribonucleotides and low concentrations of labeled dideoxy ribonucleotides B. high concentration of labeled dideoxy ribonucleotides and low concentrations of unlabeled deoxyribonucleotides C. equal concentrations of unlabeled deoxyribonucleotides and labeled dideoxy ribonucleotides

1. Many copies of a single-stranded vector containing the gene of interest are acquired. 2. Primers are added 3. High concentrations of all four unlabeled deoxyribonucleotides are added 4. Low concentrations of all four fluorescently labeled deoxyribonucleotides and DNA polymerase are added 5. Electrophoresis separates DNA strands according to their lengths 6. A laser and fluorescent detector are used to determine the color associated with each DNA strand

What is the order of the steps in DNA sequencing?

C. Maxam and Gilbert

Which scientist(s) developed an early method of DNA sequencing that involved base-specific chemical cleavage of DNA? Multiple choice question. A. Kary Mullis B. Monod and Jacob C. Maxam and Gilbert D. Francis Crick