chapter 21 cooper
When was the Treaty of Paris signed?
1783
Who explained laissez-faire in the "wealth of nations"
Adam Smith
The ___ created a ____ central government
Articles of confederation : weak
10 amendments
Bill of Rights
The Great War for Empire, fought between __ and ___, took place in ____ and ___
Britain and france, India and North America
What were the two rivals at the beginning of the seven years war
Britain vs France (over colonial empires), Austria vs Prussia (over Silesia)
The treaty of paris let england gain control of...
Canada, Spanish Florida, and all lands east of the mississippi
George Washington was commander in chief of the...
Continental Army
Who wrote "i think therefore i am" and in what work did it appear
Descartes, "Discourse on Method"
The War of Austrian Succession took place in...
Europe, Asia, and North America
What is one new alliance that formed as war broke out around the globe?
France allied with Austria, which had previously been its rival
Why did Descartes decide to set aside everything that he had learned and begin again?
He doubted everything he had learned
Why was Antoine Lavoisier important?
He invented a system of naming chemical elements.
Where was the bill of rights derived from
John Locke
Who abolished serfdom, implemented radical reforms, and eliminated the death penalty
Joseph II
Who proved that the orbits of the planet were elliptical
Kepler
What does laissez-faire mean?
Leave it alone or let it be
Spain acquired what territory from the treaty of paris
Louisiana Territory
Tried to improve the life of the serfs
Maria Theresa
Who's ideas were used to separate the government into three branches
Montesquieu
Which 3 philosophers were most important in the first half of the eighteenth century?
Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot
Who finally kept Silesia?
Prussia
How did the conclusion of the War of the Austrian Succession and its Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle set the stage for the Seven Years' War?
Prussia refused to return Silesia to Austria
What made the rococo style of art different from the earlier baroque style?
Rococo emphasized grace, charm and gentle action. Baroque emphasized grandeur and power
Rich Austrian province invaded by Prussia
Silesia
Britain imposed what to cover expenses
Stamp act and other taxes
What helped the colonists win the American Revolution?
Support from France, Spain, and the dutch republic
What created a federal system in which the national and state governments shared power
The Constitutional Convention of 1787
The Treaty of Paris left control of india to...
The british
What two reasons did Mary Wollstonecraft present for giving women equal rights?
Women have reason, people who believed women didn't have writes also believed in a monarchy (?)
The British ended the war after their defeat at __ in 1781.
Yorktown
Enlightened Absolutism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers
According to the "wealth of nations" what where the three main functions of government
army, police, public works
Diderot's Encyclopedia was used to
attack religious superstition
The goal of the Enlightenment thinkers was to use the scientific method to...
better society
The colonies feared a strong __________.
central government
In order to please the Russian nobility, Catherine...
didn't enact reform, she took strong measures against russian peasants, which worsened their condition
Rousseau argued that society should be governed by...
general will
Frederick William I and Frederick II stressed service to the... and enlarged the...
king : prussian army
Each colony had ____ that tended to act independently
legislatures
How does Rousseau's the social contract describe liberty?
liberty is achieved by being forced to follow what is best for "the general will", because the "general will" represents what is best for the entire community
Freedom of religion, speech, press, and right to own property
natural rights
In 1748, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed, which guaranteed that all __________________ would return to their original powers, except __________________, which remained in the hands of Prussia.
occupied territories : Silesia
Because of the Stamp Act, what had to carry a stamp?
printed materials
Education spread widely during the enlightenment because...
reading material was aimed at the masses
Deism
religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
Montesquieu studied a government where...
separation of powers caused the parts of the government to control and limit each other
what instruments made scientific discoveries possible and spread idea quickly
telescope and microscope
general will is best for...
the entire community
How did Renaissance intellectuals view mathematics
the key to understanding the nature of things in the universe. (Navigation, geography, astronomy)
How did Locke's and Newton's ideas influence enlightenment intellectuals
their theories made people believe they would have a better ideal society