Chapter 21: Early Modernism

Schoenberg uses distinctively different musical language in "Night" and "The Moonfleck." Identify each excerpt below as belonging to either the "Night" movement or "The Moonfleck" movement of Pierrot lunaire.

"Night" Movement 0:19 0:10 "The Moonfleck" Movement 0:13 0:12

Match the musical excerpt from Debussy's Clouds to the correct term that describes the musical technique used in each.

0:03 parallel chords 0:13 octatonic scale 0:21 pentatonic scale

The first major phase of avant-garde music started around ---- and began to wane around ----.

1890, 1914

How many instrumentalists are needed to perform Pierrot lunaire?

5

What is the approximate form of Debussy's Clouds?

ABA'

Match the composer to the correct nationality.

Austrian -Schoenberg French -Debussy Russian -Stravinsky American -Ives

Which of the following are ways that Schoenberg creates a scary mood in his expressionist musical setting of Giraud's poem "Night" from Pierrot lunaire? 0:17

Creates scary mood in "Night" -low instruments -a chromatic ostinato that unsettles conventional tonality Other -repeated dissonant chords with displaced and seemingly random accents -high-pitched motives that depict flickering moonlight

Debussy, Stravinsky, and Ives worked with small melodic fragments, but in different ways. Fill in the blanks below to describe each composer's style.

Debussy: presents and quickly abandons vague melodic fragments Stravinsky: obsessively repeats melodic fragments in an irregular way Ives: includes fragmented quotes from popular music styles

In what ways can Berg's opera Wozzeck be described as "Wagnerian"?

Describes Berg's opera -It relies on continuous orchestral music. -It does not contain arias. -It features leitmotivs. Does not describe Berg's opera -It is based on mythological subject matter.

Which two composers were the most powerful exponents of expressionism in music? Which were not?

Exponent of expressionism -Alban Berg -Arnold Schoenberg Not an exponent of expressionism -Charles Ives -Claude Debussy

Fill in the blanks below to describe Claude Debussy's compositional style for each element of music.

Melody -fragmented and tentative Orchestral sound -single totality with occasional gleams of color from individual instruments Tonality -lacking a strong tonic pull

What famous composer taught Igor Stravinsky?

Nikolai rimsky-korsakov

Match the musical work to the painting that is part of the same general artistic movement.

Painting by Munch. The Scream -:0:12 Painting by Manet. In the Boat -0:21 Painting by Picasso. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon -0:10

Which of the following are the three distinct levels of music Ives used in his famous work The Unanswered Question? Which are not?

Present in The Unanswered Question -consonant string choir -dissonant woodwinds -solo trumpet Not present in The Unanswered Question -ragtime piano -atonal brass band

Which two famous composers were Schoenberg's students? Which two were not?

Student of Schoenberg -Alban Berg -Anton Webern Not a student of Schoenberg -Igor Stravinsky -Albert Giraud

Match the name of the composer to the musical work he composed.

Wozzeck -Berg "The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People's Outdoor Meeting" -Ives Clouds -Debussy Pierrot lunaire -Schoenberg

Act III, scene iii of Berg's opera Wozzeck is based entirely on the repetition of what musical element?

a single short "master rhythm"

What traditional operatic feature is missing from Alban Berg's opera Wozzeck?

arias

Place Stravinsky's stylistic periods in chronological order from earliest to latest.

avant-garde style )rite of spring- neoclassic style (the rake's progress)- serlist style (agon)

America's limited tradition of Classical music was resolutely ---- in style, so the emergence of the native-born modernist composer ---- is rather amazing.

conservative, Charles Ives

What is the name for the intense musical device Berg uses in this excerpt from Wozzeck? 0:11

crescendo

In this passage from The Rite of Spring, Stravinsky repeats a single chord over and over. Which of the following describes the quality of the chord? 0:08

dissonant

What movement explored extreme states of emotion such as hysteria and insanity?

expressionism

In Clouds, Debussy uses conventional chord functions.

false

The tunes used in Ives's "The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People's Outdoor Meeting" are which of the following?

fragmented

Mirroring the general trend of the modernist movement, the three successive ballets Stravinsky wrote from 1911-1913 show a clear progression towards which?

increasingly more abstract treatment of folk tunes

This painting by James McNeill Whistler, like Debussy's Clouds, is an example of a(n) ____________.

nocturne

Indicate the correct genre of each musical work listed below.

opera -Wozzeck song cycle -Pierrot lunaire symphonic poem -Clouds ballet -The Rite of Spring

This excerpt from The Rite of Spring features a repeated melodic idea known as a(n) ___________. 0:33

ostinato

Claude Debussy's only finished opera is which of the following?

pelleas et melisande

The opening music from scene iii, Act III of Berg's Wozzeck is meant to represent a distorted, dissonant version of what American musical genre? 0:17

ragtime

Which of Debussy's works from his Three Nocturnes includes a women's chorus?

sirens

Like Schumann's Dichterliebe, Pierrot lunaire is a(n) -----. Unlike Dichterliebe, Pierrot lunaire does not have----.

song cycle, tunes

Schoenberg's Pierrot lunaire was written to be performed by which voice type?

soprano

What is the name of this avant-garde vocal style? 0:15

sprechstimme

Like most of his orchestral music, Debussy's Three Nocturnes are which of the following?

symphonic poems

What makes the rhythm in this passage sound irregular? 0:08

the use of accents on certain beats

Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, Schoenberg's Pierrot lunaire, and Berg's Wozzeck all have what musical feature in common?

they all contain ostinatos

This first major phrase of avant-garde music was, above all, a revolution in which of the following?

tonality

The ----- system was invented by composer ----- and became a compositional method known as -----.

twelve-tone Arnold Schoenberg serialism

What type of scale is used in this passage?0:21

whole tone