Chapter 21

Area where activated immunocompetent B and T cells recirculate

E

Which characteristic best describes the chemotaxis behavior of phagocytes?

Movement toward inflammation

Which of the following would be a component of the body's first line of defense?

mucous membranes

Which of the following is NOT a role of activated complement?

prevention of immediate hypersensitivity reactions

Vaccines work by ________.

priming the adaptive immunity with a relatively harmless primary exposure

Area where antigen encounter and clonal selection are most likely to occur

D

G

Stem (fc) region

Determine whether each of the following situations is a first, second, or third line of defense. Intact skin and mucous membranes

1st line of defense

Determine whether each of the following situations is a first, second, or third line of defense. Fever

2nd line of defense

Determine whether each of the following situations is a first, second, or third line of defense. Inflammatory response

2nd line of defense

Determine whether each of the following situations is a first, second, or third line of defense. Natural killer cells

2nd line of defense

Determine whether each of the following situations is a first, second, or third line of defense. Phagocytes

2nd line of defense

Determine whether each of the following situations is a first, second, or third line of defense. Cellular immunity

3rd line of defense

Determine whether each of the following situations is a first, second, or third line of defense. Immune response (B and T cells)

3rd line of defense

Area where both B and T lymphocyte precursors originate in red bone marrow

A

Determine whether each of the following situations provides, or is an example of, active or passive immunity An individual becomes infected and fights it off

Active

Match the following disorders of the immune system: Viral loss of helper T cells leads to this

Aids

A

Antigen-binding site

Match the following disorders of the immune system: Results when immune system loses ability to distinguish self from non-self

Autoimmune disease

Area where T cells become immunocompetent

B

Forms antibody producing cells

B cell

Area where B cells become immunocompetent

C

Area seeded by immunocompetent B and T cells

D

C

Constant region

F

Disulfide bonds

Antibodies typically act intracellularly and are therefore considered part of the cellular branch of adaptive immunity. True/false?

False

B cells mature in the thymus. True/false?

False

Match the following disorders of the immune system: Virus that attacks helper T cells

HIV

E

Heavy chain

Match the following disorders of the immune system: Acquired immunodeficiency that causes cancer of B cells

Hodgkin's disease

Which of the following does not describe actions of interferon (IFN)?

IFN can penetrate the viral capsid and destroy the virus.

Match the following disorders of the immune system: Allergic reaction that begins within seconds of contact with allergen

Immediate hypersensitivity

D

Light chain

Release histamine for inflammatory response

Mast cells

Nonphagocytic, large granular lymphocytes that can kill cancer and virus-infected cells before adaptive immune system is activated

Natural killer cells

Determine whether each of the following situations provides, or is an example of, active or passive immunity "Borrowed" immunity

Passive

Determine whether each of the following situations provides, or is an example of, active or passive immunity A mother delivers antibodies to fetus via placenta

Passive

Determine whether each of the following situations provides, or is an example of, active or passive immunity A mother passes antibodies to baby via her milk

Passive

Determine whether each of the following situations provides, or is an example of, active or passive immunity An individual receives a gamma globulin antibody "cocktail" to fight a virus

Passive

NK cells attack in immunological surveillance by:

Releasing perforins and granzymes

Match the following disorders of the immune system: Genetic defect marked with a deficit in B and T cells

SCID

The daughters of an activated B cell function mainly to:

Secrete antibodies

Helper T cells aid in B cell activation by:

Secreting cytokines to enhance B cell response

Clonal selection ensures that ________.

T cells do not match body's own cells

What is not true about antibodies?

They are cells

T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins: CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells?

They become T helper cells.

Fever is often a beneficial immune response because it can speed up the activities of leuckocytes. True/false?

True

Passive immunity does not produce memory cells. True/false?

True

Perforins form complexes that penetrate the cell membrane and allow the passage of the apoptosis inducing protein granzyme to enter the targeted cell. True/false?

True

The "light" and "heavy" chains in a generalized antibody are part of the antigen-binding site. True/false?

True

Virus infected cells secrete interferons to "warn" other cells of the presence of virus and deny entry to them. True/false?

True

B

Variable region

Determine whether each of the following situations provides, or is an example of, active or passive immunity An individual receives the polio vaccine

active

Determine whether each of the following situations provides, or is an example of, active or passive immunity Immunological memory is provided

active

Allergens differ from antigens because ________.

allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle

What is an APC?

antigen presenting cell

Which of the following is not a type of T cell?

antigenic

Antibodies ________.

are proteins composed of heavy chains and light chains

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ________.

bone marrow

Inflammation ________.

brings more leukocytes to the sight of infection

Activated T cells and macrophages release ________ to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area.

cytokines

Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells

cytotoxic T cell

Membrane attack complex (MAC) kills by ________.

disrupting the selectively permeability of a bacteria's plasma membrane by inserting a pore complex in the membrane

Plasma cells ________.

have a great deal of rough endoplasmic reticulum reflecting the fact that they secrete a tremendous amount of protein (antibody)

Absence results in no immune response

helper T cell

B cells provide this kind of immunity.

humoral

Match the following disorders of the immune system: Congenital or acquired conditions that impair function or production of immune cells or molecules

immunodeficiency

Enter neighboring cells, stimulating production of proteins that block viral reproduction and degrade viral RNA

interferons

An advantage to adaptive immunity is

its memory cells that provide quicker, larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen

Regulatory T cells ________.

may function in preventing autoimmune reactions

Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen

memory cell

A cellular component of the innate defenses includes ________.

natural killer cells

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus

White blood cells that ingest and digest (eat) foreign invaders

phagocytes

Slows or stops the immune response

regulatory T cell

A flu vaccine is needed seasonally to be effective but a polio vaccine is only needed once. The best explanation of this is ________.

the flu has several strains that change seasonally

A vaccine is effective because ________.

the secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient the primary response