Chapter 21 the rise of progressivism

1. While progressivism has many meanings it tended to be based on the central assumption A. that American society was capable of improvement. B. that Social Darwinism could create social order and stability. C. that urbanization was harmful to the United States. D. that the laissez-faire philosophy should be embraced in American politics.

A. that American society was capable of improvement.

4. At the turn of the twentieth century, Lincoln Steffens wrote extensively of the need to reform A. the "yellow press." B. urban political organizations. C. the railroad corporations. D. the meatpacking industry.

A. the "yellow press."

23. During the progressive era, significant voting rights for women were first won in A. the Far West. B. the South. C. the Northeast. D. the Midwest.

A. the Far West.

32. As governor of Wisconsin, the progressive reformer Robert La Follette helped create A. the direct primary. B. mandatory health insurance. C. a repeal of the income tax. D. employee profit sharing in large corporations.

A. the direct primary.

37. For western states during the progressive era, the major target for political reformers was A. the federal government. B. state governments. C. municipal governments. D. the judicial system.

A. the federal government.

28. During the progressive era, opponents of political reform included many members of all of the following EXCEPT A. the middle-class. B. the business community. C. the working-class. D. saloon owners.

A. the middle-class.

26. Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot, voter ballots were printed and distributed by A. the political parties themselves. B. the federal government. C. private contractors. D. state governments.

A. the political parties themselves.

52. World War I hurt the socialist movement in the United States because A. the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country. B. the Socialist Party supported Germany. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

A. the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country.

16. The term "Boston marriage" refers to A. two women who lived together. B. an unmarried man and woman who lived together. C. the marriage of a woman who had become pregnant. D. a married man with a mistress.

A. two women who lived together.

11. In regards to organizing the professions during the progressive era, A. most attempted to diversify the ranks of Americans in their fields. B. by World War I, all states had established professional bar associations. C. the medical field remained largely unorganized. D. there was little organized activity in rural America.

B. by World War I, all states had established professional bar associations.

29. During the progressive era, reformers of city government frequently tried to A. require city council members to run by district rather than at-large. B. create city-managers. C. make all city government positions appointive. D. strengthen the power of city councils at the expense of mayors.

B. create city-managers.

33. During the progressive era, the power of the political parties A. declined while voter turnout increased. B. declined as did voter turnout. C. increased as did voter turnout. D. increased while voter turnout declined.

B. declined as did voter turnout.

19. During the progressive era, clubs for African American women A. differed sharply from white women's clubs in their structure. B. frequently embraced controversial issues. C. were limited to urban industrial cities. D. did not exist in the South.

B. frequently embraced controversial issues.

48. During the progressive era, the Socialist Party of America A. grew weaker. B. grew stronger. C. grew united. D. virtually disappeared.

B. grew stronger.

10. In his 1899 book, A Theory of the Leisure Class, Thorstein Veblen argued A. only the wealthy leisure class had adequate time and money to help the needy. B. modern cities should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems. C. true social reform would only occur if the nation's wealth was redistributed. D. the leaders of corporations were the natural choice to create social reform.

B. modern cities should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems.

17. In regards to divorce in the United States during the progressive era, A. the majority of divorces were initiated by men. B. more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce. C. the rate of divorce rate declined. D. nearly all states did not allow divorce.

B. more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce.

31. The recall and direct primary were progressive era political reforms designed to weaken A. the federal government. B. political parties. C. state governors. D. state legislatures.

B. political parties.

53. Herbert Croly argued in his 1909 book, The Promise of American Life, A. the economic consolidation in the United States had to be ended. B. large concentrations of power were positive economic factors in the long run. C. it was important that the federal government was led by a strong president. D. economic trusts were, by their nature "bad."

C. it was important that the federal government was led by a strong president.

27. During the progressive era, one of the first targets for political reformers was A. the federal government. B. state governments. C. municipal governments. D. the judicial system.

C. municipal governments.

39. A major reason progressive political reforms, such as the direct primary, were quickly embraced in the western states was A. democracy and the rights of individuals were more deeply felt on the old frontier. B. the federal government exerted great power there promoting such reforms. C. political parties were weak in this region. D. women had, early on, won the right to vote in many western states.

C. political parties were weak in this region.

13. In regards to women and the professions during the progressive era, A. almost no women were able to have professional careers. B. the majority of professional women were nurses. C. social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women. D. educated black women were barred from all professional opportunities.

C. social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women.

51. During the early twentieth century, the Industrial Workers of the World A. advocated a single union for all workers. B. was dominated by anarchists. C. emphasized education for the working class. D. rejected the economic principles of both capitalism and Marxism.

A. advocated a single union for all workers.

7. At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement A. directed their attention at the living conditions in cities. B. often expressed moral disapproval of the behavior of immigrants. C. thought immigrants should retain significant parts of their cultures as they assimilated. D. were generally first-generation immigrants who helped second-generation immigrants.

A. directed their attention at the living conditions in cities.

45. Between 1914 and 1919, the temperance movement A. gained momentum as a result of World War I. B. was opposed by most rural Americans. C. saw the Women's Christian Temperance Union peak at 125,000 members. D. resulted in the unanimous passage by states of the Eighteenth Amendment.

A. gained momentum as a result of World War I.

18. During the progressive era, the women's club movement A. had a national organization to coordinate club activities. B. consistently avoided controversial social reforms. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

A. had a national organization to coordinate club activities.

12. In 1901, one of the first professions to organize on a national level was in the field of A. medicine. B. business. C. education. A. D agriculture.

A. medicine.

44. The Women's Christian Temperance Union A. was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history. B. called for an end to saloons, not for a full prohibition on alcoholic beverages. C. was later replaced by the Anti-Saloon League. D. was headed by a male president.

A. was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history.

34. During the progressive era, political "interest groups" A. were a product of the progressive era. B. were attacked by progressive reformers. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

A. were a product of the progressive era.

35. During the progressive era, important sources for social reform included A. the American Federation of Labor. B. New York's Tammany Hall political machine. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

B. New York's Tammany Hall political machine.

47. In the early twentieth century, the theories of eugenics A. contended that inequalities between humans were rooted in education. B. supported the restriction of immigration by nationality. C. was exposed by a federal commission as a fraudulent science. D. asserted that the root of many urban problems was overcrowded cities.

B. supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.

43. The temperance crusade A. first began to take shape during the progressive era. B. was supported by most business employers. C. sought to curb prostitution. D. found its greatest support among immigrants.

B. was supported by most business employers.

6. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was A. a reform movement guided by the American Catholic Church. B. first described by Andrew Carnegie. C. an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform. D. intended to offer spiritual, not material, assistance to the poor.

C. an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform.

21. During the progressive era, the woman suffrage movement A. failed to attract any meaningful support by men. B. had many supporters asserting that women should quit their roles as mothers and wives. C. became the single largest reform movement of the early twentieth century. D. resulted in a widespread breakdown of family stability.

C. became the single largest reform movement of the early twentieth century.

24. In the year prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment A. a large majority of states had given some voting rights to women. B. many states had given full voting rights to women. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C. both A and B

40. In regards to race, during the progressive era A. many southern white reformers viewed racial segregation as being progressive. B. most white reformers paid little attention to racial issues. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C. both A and B

46. In regards to the immigrant population in the United States, progressive reformers A. supported limiting the number of new arrivals. B. favored quickly assimilating new arrivals into American society. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C. both A and B

50. In the 1912 presidential election, the Socialist Party candidate A. received nearly one million votes. B. attracted considerable support from both urban immigrants and rural farmers. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C. both A and B

22. During the progressive era, supporters of woman suffrage argued that female voters A. would end future political scandals. B. would ensure fair elections. C. deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women. D. were unlikely to ever vote for a woman running for national office.

C. deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women.

8. At the turn of the twentieth century, leaders in the settlement house movement tended to be A. first generation immigrants. B. from the lower class. C. female. D. Catholic.

C. female.

38. All of the following were progressive reformers from western states EXCEPT A. William Borah. B. George Norris. C. Hiram Johnson. D. Alfred E. Smith.

D. Alfred E. Smith.

49. During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was A. Lincoln Steffens. B. William Haywood. C. Florence Kelley. D. Eugene Debs.

D. Eugene Debs.

15. During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of A. families with fewer children than in the past. B. labor-saving household technology. C. an increasing life expectancy. D. all of the above

D. all of the above

20. During the progressive era, clubwomen generally A. raised many challenges to the existing male-dominated order. B. regarded marriage as an exploitive institution. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

D. neither A nor B

25. In 1916, Alice Paul and the National Women's Party A. argued that the Nineteenth Amendment would protect women's rights. B. accepted the "separate sphere" argument for the vote for women. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

D. neither A nor B

42. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was A. limited to a black membership. B. was a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

D. neither A nor B

9. The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of A. charitable foundations. B. community service. C. psychological therapy. D. social work.

D. social work.

30. The initiative and referendum were progressive era political reforms designed to weaken A. the federal government. B. political parties. C. state governors. D. state legislatures.

D. state legislatures

36. In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City A. New York state banned factories from employing women under the age of sixteen. B. factories taller than ten stories could only use the upper floors as storage of materials. C. few true reforms of industry were made. D. strict regulations with effective enforcement were imposed on factory owners.

D. strict regulations with effective enforcement were imposed on factory owners.

5. In 1904, Ida Tarbell published a highly critical study on A. the Carnegie steel company. B. child industrial labor. C. urban "boss rule." D. the Standard Oil trust.

D. the Standard Oil trust.

41. During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all the following EXCEPT A. Booker T. Washington's ideas were unnecessarily limiting to blacks B. talented blacks should accept nothing less than a full university education C. blacks should fight for immediate civil rights D. the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office

D. the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office

14. The most distinctive quality of women in professions during the progressive era was A. that women did not dominate any single profession. B. that women could not attain advanced degrees from American universities. C. that women did not generally create their own professional organizations. D. they were concentrated in the "helping" professions.

D. they were concentrated in the "helping" professions.

2. At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists A. believed in limited government intervention in the lives of Americans. B. asserted that it was the right of individuals to act as they chose. C. held a strong commitment to improved racial justice. D. were "antimonopoly" and feared concentrated power.

D. were "antimonopoly" and feared concentrated power.