Chapter 22: Heart

The anterior interventricular artery is a coronary vessel on the surface of the heart. Based on its name, select all that describe its location.

- Anterior surface of the heart -Lies in the groove (sulcus) between the two ventricles

Match the type of blood vessel with its function.

- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart - Veins: Carry blood back to the heart

The major vessels of the heart attach to the _______; the conical inferior tip of the heart is the _______.

apex; base

The heart is innervated by the __________ nervous system.

autonomic

The sulcus that separates the atria from the ventricles is the ____________ sulcus.

coronary

In the pulmonary circuit, ___________ blood is transported from the right side of the heart to the ___________.

deoxygenated; lungs

The external layer of the heart wall is the

epicardium.

The outermost heart layer of the heart wall is the ___________ and is also known as the ___________ layer of the serous pericardium.

epicardium; visceral

Depolarization of cardiac muscle in the atrial walls does not initiate depolarization in the ventricular myocardium due to the presence of dense connective tissue called the:

fibrous skeleton

Neighboring cardiac muscle cells in the walls of heart chambers have specialized cell-to-cell contacts that electrically and mechanically link the cells together, permitting the immediate passage of muscle impulses. These cell contacts are called _______ _______.

intercalated discs

In the right atrium, the auricle and anterior wall exhibit obvious muscular ridges called

pectinate muscles.

The valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle is the _______ _______ valve.

pulmonary semilunar

The fibers that extend through the walls of the ventricles and allow the rapid, immediate spread of the impulse throughout the ventricular myocardium are called _______ fibers.

purkinje

The endocardium is composed of a __________ squamous epithelium, called an endothelium, and a layer of __________ connective tissue.

simple; areolar

The cells of the ___________ act as the heart's pacemaker, which establishes the pace for cardiac activity.

sinoatrial (SA) node

Match each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item.

- Branch of right coronary artery: Right marginal artery - Veins that carry blood to left atrium: Pulmonary veins - Also known as bicuspid or mitral valve: Left AV valve - Period of relaxation: Diastole - Initiator of heartbeat: SA node - Veins that carry blood to right atrium: Venae cavae - Specialized junction between cardiac muscle cells: Intercalated disc - Contains three cusps; also known as tricuspid valve: Right AV valve - Branch of left coronary artery: Circumflex artery - Period of contraction: Systole

Check all that are characteristics of cardiac muscle.

- Cells are short and branching. - Cells have one or two nuclei in the center of the cell. - They are composed of thick and thin filaments. - The functional contractile unit is the sarcomere.

Match the cardiac vein with its description.

- Great cardiac vein: In anterior interventricular sulcus - Middle cardiac vein: In posterior interventricular sulcus - Small cardiac vein: Travels close to the right marginal artery - Coronary sinus: In the posterior portion of cornary sulcus

Match the chamber of the heart with the structure(s) from which it receives blood.

- Right atrium: Coronary sinus - Right ventricle: Right atrium - Left atrium: Pulmonary veins - Left ventricle: Left atrium

Match the branch of the nervous system with its effect on heart rate and output.

- Sympathetic innervation: Increases rate and force of contractions - Parasympathetic innervation: Decreases the heart rate

Check all that occur during ventricular contraction.

- The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries. - The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.

Match the heart valve with its description.

- Tricuspid valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle - Pulmonary semilunar valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk - Bicuspid valve: Between left atrium and left ventricle - Aortic semilunar valve: Between left ventricle and ascending aorta

Check all that are a function of the pericardium.

-Prevent the heart from bouncing in the thoracic cavity -Prevent the heart from overfilling with bloodPrevent the heart from overfilling with blood -Create a frictionless environment through the production of serous fluid

Match the location of the autorhythmic cells of the heart with their location.

-interventricular septum: left and right bundle branches -myocardium of right and left atria: internodal fibers -inferior medial wall of right atrium: AV node -passes through fibrous skeleton to top of interventricular septum: bundles of His -posterior wall of right atrium: SA node

Put the steps of the cardiac cycle into the correct order, starting with the beginning of the cardiac cycle.

1. Atrial contraction and ventricular filling 2.Isovolumic contraction 3.Ventricular ejection 4.Isovolumic relaxation 5.Atrial contraction and ventricular filling

Put the pattern of circulation into the correct order, beginning with the pulmonary circulation.

1. Blood leaves the right side of the heart. 2. Blood enters the pulmonary arteries and travels to the lungs. 3. Blood enters the pulmonary veins. 4. Blood enters the left side of the heart. 5. Blood enters the systemic arteries. 6. Blood delivers oxygen to the tissues, and then enters systemic veins.

Label the order that blood flows through in the heart, using the arrows as guides.

1. Gas exchange in the lungs 2. Pulmonary veins 3. Left atrium 4. Left AV valve 5. Left ventricle 6. Aortic semilunar valve 7. Aorta 8. Systemic arteries 9. Gas and nutrient exchange in peripheral tissues

Place the locations of the heart's conducting system in order, beginning with the location where the heartbeat is initiated.

1. Sinoatrial (SA) node 2. Atrioventricular (AV) node 3. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle 4. Left and right bundles 5. Purkinje cells

1. The AV valves close in response to the ______ 2. Action potentials received directly from ________________ stimulate the papillary muscles to contract, allowing for the proper _______________ of the AV valves. 3. Mitral valve prolapse severe enough to cause regurgitation may directly cause _________________ pressure in the ____________ atrium.

1. contraction of the ventricles and the resulting rise in ventricular pressure 2. Purkinje fibers; closing 3. increased; left

1. The semilunar valves remain open throughout the ____________________ phase of the cardiac cycle. 2. The atria remain in diastole throughout both the _______________________ phases of the cardiac cycle.

1. late ventricular systole 2. ventricular systole and ventricular diastole

Cardiac muscle tissue contains fewer mitochondria than are found in skeletal muscle tissue.

False

Pulmonary arteries carry highly oxygenated blood.

False

How is the muscle impulse spread from one cardiac muscle cell to the next in the cardiac conduction system?

Gap junctions

Which of the following is the region of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located?

Mediastinum

With aging, the decreased flexibility and elasticity of connective tissue can cause the heart valves to become less flexible.

True

The left coronary artery typically branches into the __________ interventricular artery and the __________ artery.

anterior; circumflex

The circumflex artery supplies blood to the --- ventricle.

left

Mitral valve stenosis may cause blood to "back up" in the _______________, leading to dilation and hypertrophy of that heart chamber.

left atrium

Parasympathetic innervation to the heart comes from the medulla oblongata via the left and right ___________ nerves.

vagus

Unidirectional flow in the heart is ensured because the heart contains __________ that prevent backflow.

valves