Chapter 22: Imperialism and Colonialism, 1870-1914

The rebellious Egyptian army officer, _______________, led an insurgence that ultimately forced the British into a power-sharing agreement with Egyptian authorities.

-'Urabi Pasha "Although Pasha's rebellion was ultimately crushed, the British developed a power-sharing relationship with Egyptian authorities to preserve their control over the Suez Canal."

The 1857-58 Sepoy Rebellion in India began when the British decided to ban the practice of sati (immolation of widows). A depiction of sati, in which a widow is immolating herself on her husband's funeral pyre. T or F

-False "The Sepoy Rebellion began as a result of the British demand that Indians use weapons greased with pork fat—which was unacceptable to either Hindus or Muslims."

Following the Sepoy rebellions of 1857-58, the British government reorganized India in order to rule it directly through British officials in India. T or F

-False "The raj (British India) is a classic example of an imperial power ruling through local elites (who were often the recipients of an English education)."

At the Ethiopian town of Adowa, the French and the British engaged in a standoff that nearly led to a European war in 1898. T or F

-False "The standoff occurred near the Sudanese town of Fashoda."

What country, which became the British Empire's largest export market, was considered the "jewel" of the British crown?

-Inidia "Initially under the control of the British East India Company, the British government took formal control of India only in 1858."

Select all of correct contributions, such as they are, that Cecil Rhodes made toward the development of British imperial control of southern Africa.

-founded the DeBeers company "Rhodes founded this diamond company after making a fortune in diamond mining in the 1870s and 1880s." -instigated war against the Boers "Rhodes instigated war against the Dutch Boers in the hope of seizing their diamond mines." -created Rhodesia "The country of Rhodesia, named after Rhodes himself, would be part of the British Empire, although the profits from mining would go directly to Rhodes himself." -advocated Cape-to-Cairo railway "Rhodes believed that the British should control all of East Africa and that a rail network would help to bind the British East African Empire together."

Select all the terms that correctly describe the Boxers and their rebellion in early twentieth-century China.

-laid siege to foreign embassies "In 1900, the Boxers stormed the city of Beijing and laid siege to many foreign embassies." -anti-European "The Boxers were anti-foreign, meaning they were opposed to Europeans and other foreigners, and were anti-missionary." -secret society "The Boxers were a secret society made up of young men."

Choose all of the characteristics that comprised the new imperial governmental policy of "settlement and discipline."

-organized relationships between Europeans and indigenous groups -legal distinctions made on racial grounds -complex administration

Fill in the blanks to complete the following passage on Italian imperialism: Much like its European neighbors, Italy sought to create an African empire. Initially, it acquired territories along the -, specifically the region of - and parts of -. However, the Italians wanted to obtain -, the last major independent African kingdom. Its clever emperor, -, outwitted the Italians and crushed them at the battle of - in 1896.

1. Red Sea 2. Eritrea 3. Somalia 4. Ethopia 5. Menelik II 6. Adowa

Fill in the blanks to complete this narrative about the 1857-58 Sepoy Rebellion: The uprising began in 1857 when a regiment of sepoys, a term for Indian -, were disciplined for refusing to use - greased with pork fat. As the rebellion spread, peasants attacked - and rebels defended traditional leaders. The most afflicted areas were in the -. The fighting lasted a year, and the British themselves engaged in serious acts of -.

1. Soldiers 2. Rifiles 3.law courts 4.northwest 5.repression **"The Sepoy Rebellion forced the British to take formal political control of India in 1858 and to administer it under a policy of indirect rule, in which indigenous elites were trained and rewarded by the British to oversee the localities."

What explains the significant labor problem that the French experienced in sub-Saharan Africa in the early twentieth century?

Africans resisted the brutal work conditions of the French Empire "Labor resistance was endemic throughout French Sub-Saharan Africa."

The first war made notorious by utilizing _____________ was the Boer War of 1899-1902.

Concentration camp "The British set up these camps to detain Afrikaner civilians. Over 20,000 people died there as a result of the poor sanitary conditions."

In England and France, imperialism was justified as a "civilizing mission" whereby Europeans and non-Europeans would teach and learn from each other. T or F

False "Europeans believed that they would provide civilizing lessons to indigenous peoples but felt that they had nothing to learn from them in return."

Which of the following was not a British objective before and during the Fashoda crisis?

Going to war against France

Watch the following video in which Professor Cole discusses the contradictions within European colonialism. According to him, what was the specific contradiction that British and French imperialists faced by the beginning of the twentieth century?

Just as britain and France were extending democracy to their citizens at home, they were denying it to their colonial subjects "In both Britain and France, the late nineteenth century witnessed the extension of the franchise to almost all male voters. Yet, at the same time, they were brutally subjugating non-Europeans in their colonies to harsh working and living conditions and denying them democratic rights."

Please select all the correct near-term (within 3-5 years) consequences of the Spanish-American War of 1898.

The United States acquired the Philippines. "Even though the Philippines were a Spanish possession, the United States had to fight a bitter guerilla war to establish control over these islands." The United States acquired the Panama Canal. The United States acquired Cuba.

Fill in the blanks to complete this discussion of the European conquest of Africa: While Africa had been mostly inaccessible to Europeans since the fifteenth century, this changed in the late nineteenth century and by 1902, Europeans controlled - percent of the continent. One reason that Africans could no longer provide a strong resistance was that Europeans had mastered the logistics of - and were thus able to move around the continent more easily. Rather than succumbing to -, Europeans had also developed anti-malarial vaccines. Moreover, they had the - that turned battles against indigenous Africans into bloodbaths.

1. 90 2. transportation 3. disease 4. Maxim Gun "By the late nineteenth century, European states were engaged in a "scramble for Africa," in which they competed with each other to acquire as much African territory as possible. Taking advantage of their technological and military superiority, they eventually carved up over 90 percent of African territory among themselves by 1914, the largest portions of which went to the British and French Empires. Other European powers, like Portugal and Germany, acquired smaller holdings while the Belgians were, arguably, the most brutal in the exploitation of their colony in the Congo."

Fill in the blanks to complete this paragraph on the early history of French imperialism: The oldest, and arguably most important, French colony was that of -. After a conquest that lasted nearly two decades to complete, the French created a colony primarily composed of -, many of whom were not from France. In order to assure their loyalty, the government made the colony a - with the right to pass laws. Such laws included disenfranchising indigenous -.

1. Algeria 2.settlers 3.department 4.muslims

Fill in the blanks to complete this paragraph on anti-imperialism in Europe: One of the major anti-imperial events in the early twentieth century was the Pan-African conference, held in - in 1900. Growing out of a tradition of - movements, presenters discussed forced labor in - and demanded that Africans receive some political -. The movement that derived from this conference, called -, would grow rapidly after the First World War.

1. London 2. Antislavery 3. South Africa 4. Representation 5. Pan-Africanism

Watch the following video in which Professor Cole discusses the legacies of imperialism on contemporary Europe. Why, in his view, does this imperial legacy produce often-unsettling political consequences in European countries like France?

European nations have constituencies of both former colonizers and form colonial subjects, each of whom seek to define the meaning of imperialism from their own perspective "Many former colonial subjects moved to Europe in the 1960s and 1970s when there were labor shortages. Those former colonial subjects have often contested Europeans' positive accounts of colonialism by emphasizing the brutalities and exploitation that they suffered. This, in turn, has led many right-wing Europeans to counter that these immigrants are undermining "traditional European civilization.""