CHAPTER 22: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Describe the structures associated with the male and female reproductive systems.
The major internal organs of the female reproductive system include the vagina and uterus — which act as the receptacle for semen — and the ovaries, which produce the female's ova
Describe the hormonal changes during the female reproductive cycle.
The menstrual cycle is regulated by the complex interaction of hormones: luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. The menstrual cycle has three phases: Follicular (before release of the egg)
What are the primary organs of the reproductive systems? What do they produce?
The primary reproductive organs, or gonads, consist of the ovaries and testes. These organs are responsible for producing the egg and sperm cells gametes), and hormones.
What is circumcision?
Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin from the human penis. In the most common procedure, the foreskin is opened, adhesions are removed, and the foreskin is separated from the glans. After that, a circumcision device may be placed, and then the foreskin is cut off.
Where does fertilization occur?
Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tubes, which connect the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization happens when a sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell in the fallopian tube. Once fertilization takes place, this newly fertilized cell is called a zygote
Describe the life of a sperm. What hormones assist development?
In response, the pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) into the male system for the first time. FSH enters the testes, stimulating the Sertoli cells, which help to nourish the sperm cells that the testes produce, to begin facilitating spermatogenesis.
How are mitosis and meiosis different? Why are they both necessary?
Most of these differences relate back to the fact that, although both are needed for cell replication, mitosis and meiosis have different purposes: mitosis replaces body cells with identical copies, while meiosis creates genetically different sex cells that will be used to create an entirely new organism
What is semen? Why is it important?
Semen, also called seminal fluid, fluid that is emitted from the male reproductive tract and that contains sperm cells, which are capable of fertilizing the female eggs. Semen also contains other liquids, known as seminal plasma, which help to keep the sperm cells viable.
Trace the pathway of sperm through the male reproductive system.
Sperm then travels through the deferent duct through up the spermatic cord into the pelvic cavity, over the ureter to the prostate behind the bladder. Here, the vas deferens joins with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct, which passes through the prostate and empties into the urethra
Why are the testes housed outside the body?
The bag of skin that holds and helps to protect the testicles. The testicles make sperm. To do this, the temperature of the testicles needs to be cooler than the inside of the body. This is why the scrotum is located outside of the body.
Describe the layers of the uterus.
The endometrium is the inner layer that lines the uterus. It is made up of glandular cells that make secretions. The myometrium is the middle and thickest layer of the uterus wall. ... The perimetrium is the outer serous layer of the uterus.
Describe different methods of contraception.
long-acting reversible contraception, such as the implant or intra uterine device (IUD). hormonal contraception, such the pill or the Depo Provera injection. barrier methods, such as condoms. emergency contraception. fertility awareness. permanent contraception, such as vasectomy and tubal ligation.
