Chapter 22

An additional barrier outside of the cell wall that provides a prokaryote with protection from adverse environmental conditions is called

A. Glycocalyx B. Capsule C. Slime layer D. *All the above*

Gram positive cells

A. Have a second, outer membrane that helps retain the crystal violet stain B. *Have multiple layers of peptidoglycan that help retain the crystal violet stain* C. Have a thick capsule that traps the crystal violet stain D. Have a periplasmic space that traps the crystal violet

Where does energy production take place in bacteria that can perform aerobic metabolism?

A. Mitochondria B. Nucleus C. *Plasma membrane* D. Inclusion Bodies

Which of the following bacteria is pleomorphic

A. Mycobacteria B. Streptococcus C. Pseudomonas D.*Corynebacterium*

1. The lac operon is ---------position and is activated by a/an ----------molecule

A. On, repressor B. Off, repressor C. *Off, inducer* On, induce

Bacterial cytoplasm can contain all of the following, except

A. Plasmids B.* Nucleus* C. Ribosomes D. Chlorophyll

Methanopyrus kandleri is an organism which lives in a hydrogen-carbon dioxide environment, and was first discovered in a hydrothermal vent where temperatures reached 230°F. What sort of organism is this?

A. Protist B. Cyanobacteria C. *Archaea* D. Bacteria

The flow of genetic material in microbial cells usually takes place from

A. RNA through DNA to proteins B. Proteins through RNA to DNA C. *DNA through RNA to proteins* D. None of these

Which of the following is NOT found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A. Ribosomes B. Cytoskeleton C. *Nucleolus* D. Double-stranded DNA

Which of the following is NOT the basic shape of the bacteria?

A. Rod shaped B. *Square shaped* C. Comma shaped D. Spiral shaped

1. In bacterial cells, ribosomes are packed into the cytoplasmic matrix and also loosely attached to the plasma membrane. What is the function of ribosomes?

A. Site of energy production B. *Site of protein synthesis* C.Site of DNA replication

Which group of bacteria is unusual in that they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls?

A. Spirochetes B. *Gram-negative bacteria* C. Chlamydias D. Cyanobacteria E. Epsilon proteobacteria

Which of the following segments is not included in the lac operon

A. Structural genes B. *Repressor* C. Regulator D. Operator

1. Which statement about prokaryotes is true

A. The vast majority of prokaryotes are pathogenic B. Prokaryotes are not useful in genetic engineering because their DNA is so different from that of eukaryotes. C. *Prokaryotes are widely used for bioremediation.* D. it is important to try and rid your body of all prokaryotes E. Prokaryotes have no industrial uses

Plasmids are important to the genetics of many bacteria. This is because

A. They are inherited from one generation to the next B. They may carry genes that give their host a selective advantage C. They can render bacteria drug-resistant D. *All the above*

Plasmids are important to the genetics of many bacteria. This is because

A. They are inherited from one generation to the next B. They may carry genes that give their host a selective advantage C. They can render bacteria drug-resistant D.* All the above*

Some bacteria are considered pleomorphic. This means

A. They are shaped like bent rods B. They have a corkscrew shape C. *They do not have just one shape* They are not either bacilli or cocci

An F+ bacterial cell __________

A. Transfers DNA by way of transduction B. Uses fimbriae to transfer DNA C. *Acts as a donor during conjugation* D. has many antibiotic resistance genes acts as a receptor during conjugation

The process by which bacterial or plasmid DNA may be mistakenly incorporated (during assembly) into one phage being produced by the lytic life cycle and then that DNA transferred to another bacterial cell which may acquire some new genetic traits is called

A. Transformation B. *Generalized transduction* C. Conjugation D. Homologous recombination E. Specialized transduction

When one bacterium transfers a copy of its plasmid to another bacterium, this is called

A. Transformation B. Transduction C. *Conjugation* D. Replication E. Vertical gene transfer

Genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot result from

A. Transformation B. Transduction C. Mutation D. *Meiosis* E. Conjugation

1. Which of the following terms is used to describe the mechanism by which DNA is transported from a donor cell to a recipient cell by bacteriophage?

A. Transposon B. Conjugation C. *Transduction* D. Replication

The 70S prokaryotic ribosomes consist of

A. Two 40S subunits B. *A 50S and a 30S subunit* C. A 40S and a 30S subunit D. A 50S and a 20S subunit

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic flagella?

A. Whiplike appendages B. Hollow, rigid tube that rotates C. Used for motility D. *Both b and c are true*

A gram-negative cell wall consists of __________

A. cholesterol and peptidoglycan B. a thick layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides C. *a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides* D. a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by a capsule E. peptidoglycan and cellulose

1. Which of the following involves metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells?

A. Endotoxin release B. Binary fission C. *Biofilms* D. Endospore formation E. Photo-autotrophy

Conjugation is a mechanism of DNA recombination in which the recipient cell lacks A. Flagellum

A. Flagellum B. Cell wall C. Mesosome D. *Pilus*

1. What is the purpose of bacterial endospores?

A. Allow the bacterium to make hundreds of "seeds" to spread on the wind B. Help the bacterium to differentiate into faster growing stages of bacteria C. Allow the bacterium to survive the absence of oxygen D. *Allow the bacterium to survive extended periods of heat or dryness*

Which of the following statements is not true?

A. Archaea and bacteria have different membrane lipids B. *Only bacteria have histones associated with DNA* C. Only some archaea use CO2 to oxidize H2, releasing methane D. Both archaea and bacteria generally lack membrane-enclosed organelles. The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan

Bacteria are mostly

A. Autotrophic B. *Heterotrophic* C. Mixed

1. What is a plasmid?

A. *Self-replicating segment of double stranded DNA* B. Self-replicating segment of single stranded RNA C. A bacterial chromosome

Which of the following is most responsible for bacterial cell motility?

A. Cilia B. *Flagella* C. Pili D. Pseudopodia

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic endospores?

A. Allow cell to continue growing B. used as alternate form of reproduction to binary fission C. *formed during harsh environmental conditions* D. formed at the end of an aerial hyphae

The bacterial chromosome is located in the

A. Complimentary B. Genome C. Characteristic or trait D. *Nucleoid*

1. Which of the following gene deduced the evolutionary relationship between the taxonomic groups?

A. *16S rRNA* B. 23S rRNA C. 5S rRNA D. 18S rRNA

Fimbriae

A. *Attach bacteria to various surfaces* B. Cause bacteria move through fluids C. Sense changes in nutrient concentration D. Are pathways for the secretion of exoenzymes

Which of the following statements about the systemic effect of bacterial cells are true?

A. *Gram-negative bacteria are more likely to cause systemic effects because their outer membrane protects them from several antibiotics, making treatment more difficult.* B. Gram-negative bacteria are more likely to cause systemic effects because the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their membranes can act as a toxin to the circulatory system C. Gram-negative bacteria are more likely to cause systemic effects because the peptidoglycan in their cell wall is tough and hard for medicine to penetrate D. Gram-negative bacteria are more likely to cause systemic effects because their lack of an outer membrane means they can more quickly infect host cells

Which of the following organisms have thick peptidoglycan in their cell wall?

A. *Gram-positive bacteria* B. Gram-negative bacteria C. Yeast D. Molds

Name the acid present in the cell wall of bacteria which helps in retaining its color during the acid-fast test?

A. *Mycolic acid* B. Teichoic acid C. Malic acid Tartaric acid

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an antibiotic-resistant "superbug" that can cause deadly infections in humans. What would these Gram-positive bacteria look like under a microscope

A. *Purple spheres* B. Clear rods C. Pink rods D. Purple spirals