Chapter 22

The root cause of the battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was a. Johnson's personal vulgarity and crude style of campaigning. b. the president's former ownership of slaves. c. Johnson's "soft" treatment of the white South. d. Johnson's "class-based" policies that favored poor whites. e. Johnson's underlying loyalty to the Democratic party.

c. Johnson's "soft" treatment of the white South.

The fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that a. most were sentenced to prison for life. b. several were executed for treason. c. after brief jail terms, all were pardoned in 1868. d. they were immediately returned to citizenship and full civil rights. e. many went into exile in slaveholding Brazil.

c. after brief jail terms, all were pardoned in 1868.

Political corruption during Reconstruction was a. primarily the fault of white carpetbaggers and scalawags. b. located in the North. c. common in both North and South. d. present in all Southern states except South Carolina and Louisiana. e. almost entirely conducted by blacks.

c. common in both North and South.

The official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach President Johnson was his a. highly partisan "swing around the circle" in 1866. b. readmission of Southern states without seriously reconstructing them. c. dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act. d. apparent sympathy with the Ku Klux Klan. e. veto of the Freedmen's Bureau bill.

c. dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act.

Blacks in the South relied on the Union League to a. help them escape to the North during the Civil War. b. provide them with relief payments until the Freedmen's Bureau was established. c. educate them on their civic duties. d. gain admittance to the Union Army. e. protect them from the Ku Klux Klan.

c. educate them on their civic duties.

The Exodusters' westward mass migration finally faltered when a. homesteading on the Great Plains proved more difficult than expected. b. the Fifteenth Amendment was passed. c. steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi. d. white Kansans passed strict segregation laws. e. the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution finally passed.

c. steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi.

Which one of the following is least related to the other four? a. Scalawags b. Ku Klux Klan c. Carpetbaggers d. Freedmen e. Union League

b. Ku Klux Klan

All of the following are true statements about the Black Codes except a. blacks were forced to work under labor contracts for little money for one year. b. blacks who fled their employers could be dragged back to work by a paid "Negro-catcher." c. they restricted the conditions under which blacks could legally marry. d. blacks who fled could be made to forfeit back wages or hired out to pay their fines. e. they were designed to reproduce the master-slave relationship after slavery was abolished.

c. they restricted the conditions under which blacks could legally marry

Johnson was narrowly acquitted on the impeachment charges because a. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton aided Johnson's defense by spying on congressional prosecutors. b. radical Republicans recognized that Johnson's successor would be worse. c. many people favored destabilizing the federal government. d. it was finally recognized that the charges were dubious and political. e. Johnson promised to stop obstructing Republican policies.

e. Johnson promised to stop obstructing Republican policies.

The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was a. passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. b. the creation of the sharecropping system. c. the attempt to pass the Fourteenth Amendment. d. the South's regaining control of the Senate. e. Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.

e. Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.

Reconstruction might have been more successful if a. Andrew Johnson had won reelection in 1868. b. the U.S. army had more quickly suppressed the Ku Klux Klan. c. control of the South had been returned to Southerners much sooner. d. the federal government had not tampered with property rights. e. Thaddeus Steven's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted.

e. Thaddeus Steven's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted.

In President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was a. a flawed but necessary agency. b. acceptable only because it also helped poor whites. c. a tolerable compromise with the radical Congress. d. a potential source of Republican patronage jobs. e. a meddlesome agency that should be killed.

e. a meddlesome agency that should be killed.

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction a. differed radically from Lincoln's. b. guaranteed former slaves the right to vote. c. required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. d. established literacy test for voting in the South. e. aimed at swift restoration of the southern states after a few basic conditions were met.

e. aimed at swift restoration of the southern states after a few basic conditions were met.

Many feminist leaders were deeply disappointed with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because they a. gave black women but not white women the right to vote. b. failed to give women the right to serve on juries. c. contained restrictions on ex-Confederates but not on male supremacists. d. failed to define what constituted equal national citizenship. e. gave equal rights to African American males but not to women.

e. gave equal rights to African American males but not to women.

At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners a. reluctantly supported the federal government. b. were ready to plan a future uprising against the United States. c. declared themselves citizens of their states but not of the United States. d. asked for pardons so that they could once again hold political office and vote. e. still believed that their view of secession was correct and their cause was just.

e. still believed that their view of secession was correct and their cause was just.

To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed to indicate that a. it would take some time to reconcile the South and the North. b. the transition to black freedom would be difficult. c. the Civil War had been worth the sacrifice. d. presidential Reconstruction was working. e. the arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War.

e. the arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War.

For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except a. the ability to search for lost family. b. the right to get married. c. the opportunity to form their own churches. d. the opportunity for an education. e. the large numbers would move north.

e. the large numbers would move north.

The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed a. citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves. b. land for former slaves. c. voting rights for former Confederates who had previously served in the U.S. Army. d. freed slaves the right to vote. e. education to former slaves.

a. citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves.

In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised a. rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union. b. former slaves the right to vote. c. the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power. d. severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders. e. a plan to allow 10 percent of blacks to vote.

a. rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.

The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were in a. providing "forty acres and a mule" to freed blacks. b. education. c. the provision of food and clothing. d. helping people to find employment. e. securing black civil rights.

b. education.

Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when a. the South accepted the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. b. the last federal troops were removed in 1877. c. President Johnson was not reelected in 1868. d. the Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Milligan that military tribunals could not try civilians. e. blacks showed they could defend their rights without federal intervention.

b. the last federal troops were removed in 1877.

Which of these is not a true statement about women's rights activists during the Civil War and Reconstruction eras? a. Female activists saw the struggle for black freedom and women's rights as one in the same. b. During the war, many women's rights leaders worked for black emancipation first and foremost. c. The Women's Loyal League collected 400,000 signatures supporting a constitutional amendment ending slavery. d. Women's rights activists campaigned in support of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments. e. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony sought to have the word "sex" added to the Fifteenth Amendment.

d. Women's rights activists campaigned in support of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments.

In 1865, Southern a. whites quickly admitted they had been wrong in trying to secede and win Southern independence. b. whites rapidly turned their slaves into paid employees. c. blacks uniformly turned in anger and revenge against their former masters. d. blacks often began traveling to rest their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity. e. blacks looked to the federal government for help.

d. blacks often began traveling to rest their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.

As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as a(n) a. supporter of the planter aristocrats. b. opponent of slavery. c. inspiring and calmly eloquent speaker. d. champion of the poor whites. e. secret Confederate sympathizer.

d. champion of the poor whites.

Even though the Force Acts and the Union Army helped suppress the Ku Klux Klan, the secret a. driving the Union Army out of the South. b. preventing blacks from migrating to the West or North. c. keeping white carpetbaggers from voting. d. intimidating blacks and undermining them politically. e. destroying the Freedmen's Bureau.

d. intimidating blacks and undermining them politically.

The goals of the Ku Klux Klan included all of the following except a. "keep blacks in their place"; that is, subservient to whites. b. prevent blacks from voting. c. keep white "carpetbaggers" from voting. d. support the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871. e. end radical Reconstruction.

d. support the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871.

Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 prompted Congress to seek passage of a. the Thirteenth Amendment. b. an extension of the Freedmen's Bureau. c. an act to overturn the Black Codes. d. the Fourteenth Amendment. e. articles of impeachment against Johnson.

d. the Fourteenth Amendment.