chapter 23, 25
Hyperventilation causes __________, and hypoventilation causes ________
respiratory alkalosis; respiratory acidosis
How many net ATP are produced as a result of glycolysis?
2 ATP
Complete the formula for glucose catabolism (cellular respiration): C6H12O6 + ___ ⇢ 6H2O + 6CO2 + _____+ heat
6O2; 38 ATP
Select the blood pH that represents acidosis.
7.24
The normal range of blood pH is
7.35 to 7.45
When fewer hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate, how is blood pH affected?
Blood pH decreases
Which statement is TRUE regarding complete proteins?
Complete proteins provide all of the essential amino acids.
Which of the following foods is a dietary source for lipids?
Eggs
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ _________
H+ + HCO3-
Mrs. Frykholm is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis, which causes metabolic acidosis. She has experienced damage to her kidneys from diabetes mellitus. Predict how her body compensates to return her blood pH to normal.
Hyperventilation.
Under anaerobic conditions, what happens to pyruvate?
Pyruvate is reduced to lactate
Which of the following is NOT a compensation for respiratory acidosis?
The kidney tubule cells will increase reabsorption of calcium ions from the filtrate.
If the Pco2 in the plasma increases, what effect will this have on plasma pH?
The pH will decrease.
Which of the following represents appropriate compensation for metabolic acidosis?
The retention of bicarbonate ions in the kidneys
Which of these vitamins is water-soluble?
Vitamin C
Protein catabolism results in:
amino acids
The breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose in the body is classified as
catabolism
A patient present with severe metabolic alkalosis. The appropriate respiratory compensation would be __________.
decreased respiratory rate
Molecules that can only be obtained from the diet are called
essential nutrients
Which of the following happens during compensation for alkalosis?
excretion of HCO3−
Which of the following reactions releases energy?
exergonic reactions
Select the two factors upon which body mass index depends.
height and weight
You have received a copy of your blood report. You were happy to see high levels of:
high-density lipoproteins (HDLs
What leads to respiratory acidosis?
hypoventilation
Hyperventilation is the compensation for an acid-base imbalance known as
metabolic acidosis.
The following has been determined from an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample: an elevated blood pH and an elevated bicarbonate ion level. Determine the acid-base imbalance
metabolic alkalosis
patient has been experiencing prolonged vomiting. Since she has lost many hydrogen ions, you predict her acid-base imbalance to be
metabolic alkalosis
The sum of all biochemical reactions that take place in the human body at any given time is called
metabolism
What leads to metabolic alkalosis?
prolonged vomiting and the loss of acidic stomach contents
The following has been determined from an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample: elevated arterial PCO2 level and a low blood pH. Determine the acid-base imbalance.
respiratory acidosis
Sarah was so upset and nervous that a snake was in her house that she began hyperventilating. Predict the acid-base imbalance created by her psychological state
respiratory alkalosis
The normal hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids is equal to a pH range of about 7.35-7.45
true
How are vitamins classified?
micronutrients
What is NOT required for glycolysis to occur?
mitochondrion
Fruits, honey, candy, and juices are dietary sources of
monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Which of the following is NOT a nutrient monomer used by the body to generate ATP?
nucleic acids
essential nutrients
nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food
What is required for glucose catabolism to proceed beyond glycolysis?
oxygen
Recommended daily intake of carbohydrates should mostly come from
polysaccharides.