Chapter 23
-happening at the same time as the holy roman empire (protestant) -tension between Protestants and Catholics -Albrecht Durer -most important artist of the time -viewed artists as creative geniuses which he learned from the italian renaissance -engraving (intaglio): -piece of copper is carved out with a stylus an image is engraved; ink is put on the engraved copper; it is then wiped off; roll through a roller; excess image is transferred onto the paper -wood cut (subtractive): -carving around the image -widdling wood away from the block; ink is pit onto the woodblock (stamp); then it is stamped onto a piece of paper -bold -very easy to transport -gutenburgs printing press made it really easy to mass produce woodcuts -Catholics thought highly decorated churches helped with communication with god -Protestants thought that all these decorations might get in the way or go as far as iconoclasm (destroying of idols) -decrease in 3D sculpture because of this -1598 Edict of Nantes is passed in France which allows for religious tolerance of Protestants
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Albrecht Durer self Portrait -Albrecht Durere -1500 -oil on wood -lived in Nuremberg which was a center of business and art -severely frontal pose -not as much about status but more of a focus on the individual -resembles image of christ giving a benediction -drawing attention to his head (intellect) and hand (most important tool as an artist) with light -his eyes connect him to the viewer -signed it in the top right with his name, Nuremberg, and age (28)
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Battle of Issus -Albrecht Aldorfer -commissioned by the Duke of Bulgaria -1529 -oil on wood panel -shows the glory of god -depicts victory of Alexander the Great over Persian King Darius in 333 C.E. -figure wear medieval armor in an Alpine landscape -allusion to the battle against the Turks fought by Altdorfer's patron (William IV of Bavaria) -reference to the Nile delta in the background -very detailed -vivid/rich colors
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Butcher's Stall -Pieter Aertsen -1551 -Oil on wood -genre scene (one from everyday life) -Religious symbols: donkey carries mary and christ child who offer beggar alms. -Pope leads people to church -Food on upper left refer to spiritual food -Degeneracy represented by oyster and mussel shells -play between gluttony between butchers stall and sexual activity vs. religion in the background
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Gallery if Kings Francis I -1530-1540 -Fontainebleau, France -Fiorentino and Primaticcio -Hired to decorate the palace ina very manaristic style
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The Fall of Man -Albrecht Durer -1504 -engraving -figures are portrayed in a very greco-roman style -plants and animals are shown in a much more northern european style (very detailed) -symbolism: believed that adam and eve contra bodily fluids became imbalanced -elk: symbol of black bile (bad things can happen) -cat: symbol of to much yellow pile (anger, pride impatiens) -ox: to much phlegm (lethargy and disinterest) -rabbit: excess blood (very optimistic overly sexual) -mouse: symbol of the devil (looks like adam is letting the mouse go and dropping it so he can take the apple from eve--> shows him releasing the sin) -Durer puts his name on the placard in the image
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Witches Sabbath -Hans Baldung Griend -1510 -Chiaroscuro, woodcut -witches riding backward to show that they are the exact opposite of those who believe in the christian faith -witches at the time were considered heartaches
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last supper -Albrecht Durer -1523 -woodcut -shows his background as a goldsmith
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