Chapter 23

Blocking afferent action potentials from the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies would interfere with the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to: changes in PO2. changes in blood pressure. changes in PCO2 , PO2, and pH. changes in PCO2. changes in pH.

changes in PCO2 , PO2, and pH

Contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles can: assist in breathing during exercise. move the cricoid cartilage. close the glottis. move food from the larynx to the esophagus. constrict the trachea.

close the glottis

The thyroid cartilage is attached to the cricoid cartilage by the: intrinsic ligaments. intrinsic laryngeal muscles. vestibular folds. extrinsic ligaments. cricothyroid ligament.

cricothyroid ligament

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the: cricoid cartilage. corniculate cartilage. thyroid cartilage. cuneiform cartilage. epiglottis.

epiglottis

Which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration? from the blood into the lungs from the lungs into the atmosphere from the tissue cells into the blood from the blood into the tissue cells from the lungs into the blood

from the tissue cells into the blood

The percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.6 is: equal to the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2. less than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2. greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2.

greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2

Hemoglobin is found in blood plasma. uses ATP to move oxygen from blood to body cells. is the site of cellular respiration. has five subunits. is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.

is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false? is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system contains many mucous glands is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages

The ________ branch from the trachea at the carina. primary bronchi tertiary bronchi terminal bronchioles secondary bronchi alveolar ducts

primary bronchii

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is: pneumothorax. anoxia. COPD. pulmonary embolism. respiratory distress syndrome.

respiratory distress syndrome

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of: surfactant cells. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. simple squamous epithelium. moist cuboidal epithelium. ciliated squamous epithelium.

simple squamous epithelium

_________ has a greater partial pressure in the pulmonary capillaries than in the alveoli, so it diffuses into the __________. O2; alveoli O2; pulmonary cavities CO2; alveoli CO2; pulmonary capillaries

CO2; alveoli

During inhalation, oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs. the diaphragm relaxes. the diaphragm and rib muscles contract. air moves up the trachea. the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases.

the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.

Internal and external respiration depends on several factors. Which of the following is NOT an important factor in gas exchange? rate of blood flow through the tissue the molecular weight of the gas available surface area partial pressure of the gases

the molecular weight of the gas

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from: laryngospasm. genetic mutation in cilia production. lack of neural control of respiration. excessive mucus secretions in the trachea. thick secretions that are difficult to transport.

thick secretions that are difficult to transport

The unit of measurement for pressure preferred by many respiratory therapists is mm Hg. cm H2O. psi. torr. centigrade.

torr

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the: trachea. bronchus. alveolar duct. bronchiole. laryngopharynx.

trachea

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the: conchae. nasal septum. internal chamber. nasopharynx. vestibule.

vestibule

Which gas law explains why there is as much CO2 exchanged between the alveoli and blood as there is O2 exchanged, despite the fact that the partial pressure difference is so much smaller for CO2? Henry's law Boyle's law Dalton's law

Henry's law

How would the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 change in an exercising muscle? The partial pressure of O2 would decrease, and the partial pressure of CO2 would increase. The partial pressure of O2 would increase, and the partial pressure of CO2 would decrease

The partial pressure of O2 would decrease, and the partial pressure of CO2 would increase.

Which of these age-based changes is false? The lungs lose elastic tissue. Vital capacity increases. The lung's compliance changes. Costal cartilages become more flexible. Respiratory muscles weaken.

Vital capacity increases

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except: filtering the air. humidifying the air. warming the air. acting as a damping chamber when coughing. acting as a resonating chamber in speech.

acting as a damping chamber when coughing

Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center. chemoreceptor apneustic pneumotaxic baroreceptor expiratory

apneustic

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is approximately: 100 mm Hg. 45 mm Hg. 50 mm Hg. 40 mm Hg. 70 mm Hg.

45 mm Hg

Roughly ________ terminal bronchioles arise from each tertiary bronchus 100,000 6500 3000 1500 10,000

6500

What is one atmosphere of pressure? 105 mm Hg 760 mm Hg 650 mm Hg 1000 mm Hg 45 mm Hg

760 mm Hg

In order for the respiratory system to maintain homeostatic tissue levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, it must coordinate constantly with the __________ system. digestive cardiovascular urinary integumentary

cardiovascular

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? Trachea Bronchi Nose Bronchioles Alveoli

Alveoli

At a PO2 of 70 mmHg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen. 75 50 10 25 more than 90

more than 90

Tension on the vocal cords is regulated by the: extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments. movement of the arytenoid cartilages. contraction of laryngeal muscles. movement of the arytenoid cartilages and contraction of laryngeal muscles. extrinsic ligaments.

movement of the arytenoid cartilages and contraction of laryngeal muscles

All of the following provide chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers of the medulla oblongata, except the: medullary chemoreceptors. olfactory epithelium. carotid body. aortic body. All of the answers are correct.

olfactory epithelium

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the: glottis. trachea. pharynx. vestibule. larynx.

pharynx

Which statement is correct? In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells. Oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries. As oxygen diffuses from the lungs into capillaries, blood becomes deoxygenated. Oxygen is released from the mitochondria as a product of cellular respiration.

In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells

Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium: Vancomycin-resistant streptococcus. Staphylococcus aureus. Tuberculin plumonae. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clostridium difficile.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Which way would O2 and CO2 diffuse during internal respiration? O2 would diffuse into the systemic capillaries, and CO2 would diffuse into the cells. Both O2 and CO2 would diffuse into the systemic capillaries. O2 would diffuse into the cells, and CO2 would diffuse into the systemic capillaries.

O2 would diffuse into the cells, and CO2 would diffuse into the systemic capillaries.

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. hardly affect either the partial pressure or diffusion of gases. decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli. decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli to the blood. decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

If the volume of the lungs increases, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs? decreases increases twice the amount of the increase in volume increases and possibly damages the lungs increases remains constant

decreases

The obstructive lung disease in which elastic fibers are lost, leading to collapse of alveoli and bronchioles, is called: bronchitis. tuberculosis. asthma. emphysema. pneumonia.

emphysema

After blood becomes oxygenated, it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells. it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs. it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth. it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs. it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to capillaries that supply the body's cells with oxygen.

it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells

Which respiratory organ(s) has a cardiac notch? left primary bronchus both the right and the left lungs right primary bronchus right lung left lung

left lung

Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is: less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. greater than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low.

less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following, except the: nose. nasal cavity. pharynx. lips. paranasal sinuses.

lips

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the: alveoli of the respiratory tract. upper respiratory tract. lower respiratory tract. respiratory mucosa. internal respiratory tract.

lower respiratory tract