chapter 23 quiz study guide

The largest lipoproteins, ________, are produced by intestinal epithelial cells from the fats in food.

chylomicrons

the lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are the.

chylomicrons

A drug that blocks the action of lipoprotein lipase would

prolong the circulation, interfere with triglyceride utilization

During lipolysis

triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces.

urea

The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin.

A

Lipogenesis generally begins with.

Acetyl-CoA

The minimum resting energy expenditure of an awake, alert person is called

Basal metabolic rate

The vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme that is coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is

D

The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin.

D

The vitamin that prevents breakdown of vitamin A and fatty acids is vitamin

E

The vitamin that is a coenzyme in amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism is.

Folic acid

The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin

K

Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are examples of.

essential fatty acids

______ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver.

high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

A disorder caused by the ingestion of excessive quantities of fat-soluble vitamin is known as

hypervitaminosis

The area of the brain that regulates body temperature is the.

hypothalamus

All of the following take place during the absorptive state except.

ketone bodies begin to form

The energy content of foods is commonly given in units of

kilocalories

The hormones ______, which suppresses and stimulates satiety, is released by adipose tissue.

leptin

All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state except that.

levels of blood glucose are elevated

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are.

lipids

All of the following are true of beta-oxidation except that.

lipids are converted into glycogen and molecules

Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe.

lowered blood pH, elevated levels of glucocorticoids, and ketone bodies in his urine

The vitamin that is part of coenzyme in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is

riboflavin

Homeostatic control of body temperature is termed

thermoregulation

Glucocorticoids have which of the following effects on general peripheral tissues.

they increase glycogenolysis, they increase gluconeogenesis, they increase the conversion of amino acids to pyruvate

In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is ____, yielding a different amino acid.

transferred to another molecule